Hunting, Fishing, Gathering

“Art 3 “It is agreed, between the United States and the said tribe or nation, that the individuals of the said tribe or nation shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory by them ceded to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean themselves peaceably, and offer no injury or annoyance to any of the citizens of the United States, and until the said United States may think proper to assign the same, or any portion thereof, as hunting grounds to other friendly Indians.” — (Quapaw Nation)

“No citizen of the United States, or any other person, shall be permitted to settle on any of the lands hereby allotted to, and reserved for, the said Quapaw tribe or nation, to live and hunt on; yet it is expressly understood and agreed on, by, and between, the parties aforesaid, that, at all times, the citizens of the United States shall have the right to travel and pass freely, without toll or exaction, through the Quapaw reservation, by such roads or routes as now are, or hereafter may be, established.” — (Quapaw Nation)

Present-Day Tribes

• Quapaw Nation

The post Treaty with the Quapaw Nation, 1818 appeared first on Lewis & Clark Research Database.

The water standing in the vessels freized during the night 1/8 of an inch
thick, ice also appears along the verge of the river. the folage of some
of the cottonwood trees have been entirely distroyed by the frost and are
again puting forth other buds. the high country in which we are at present
and have been passing for some days I take to be a continuation of what
the Indians as well as the French Engages call the Black hills. This tract
of country so called consists of a collection of high broken and irregular
hills and short chain of mountains sometimes 120 miles in width and again
becomeing much narrower, but always much higher than the country on either
side; they commence about the head of the Kanzas river and to the West of
that river near the Arkansas, from whence they take their course a little
to the W. of N. W. approaching the rockey Mountains obliquely, passing the
river platte above the forks and intercepting the Yellowstone river near
the big bend and passing the Missouri at this place and probably
continuing to swell the country as far North as the Saskashawan river tho
they are lower here than they are discribed to the Sth. and may therefore
probably terminate before they reach the Suskashawan. the black hills in
their course nothwardly appear to approach more nearly to the Rocky
Mountains.

We set out at an early hour this morning and proceed on principally by the
chord untill about 9 A.M. when a fine breeze sprung up from the S. E. and
enabled us though the ballance of the day to employ our sails to
advantage; we proceed at a pretty good pace notwithstanding the courant of
the river was very strong. we passed two large and four small Islands;
also several streams on either side; the first of these is a large Creek
or small river which disinboged on the Stard. side about 11/2 miles above
our encampment of last evening, it is 30 yards wide and contains some
water. the bed is gravley and intermixed with some stone, it takes its
rise in the mountains which are situated in a Northwardly direction from
its entrance, distant about 30 miles. the air is so pure in this open
country that mountains and other elivated objects appear much nearer than
they really are; these mountains do not appear to be further than 15 m. we
sent a man up this creek to explore the country he returned late in the
evening and informed that he had proceeded ten miles directly towards
these mountains and that he did not think himself by any mean half way
these mountains are rockey and covered with some scattering pine. This
stream we call North Mountain creek. the next stream in order is a creek
which falls in on Lard. 21/2 miles higher; this is 15 yds. wide no water;
a large village of the burrowing or barking squirrels on the Stard. side
opposite it’s entrance, hence the name Little dog Ck. that being the name
by which the French Engages call this anamal. at three miles and at 10 ms.
from hence still ascending 2 Small creek fall in on the Stard. side, no
water. 51/2 miles higher a small river falls in on Lard. side this we
called South Mountain creek as from it’s direction it appeared to take
it’s rise in a range of Mountains lying in a S. Westerly direction from
it’s entrance distant 50 or 60 m.; this creek is 40 yards wide and
discharges a handsome stream of water. it’s bed is rockey with gravel and
sand, the banks high and country broken it’s bottom narrow and no timber.
The country high and broken, a considerable portion of black rock and
brown sandy rock appear in the faces of the hills; the tops of the hills
covered with scattering pine spruce and dwarf cedar; the soil poor and
sterile, sandy near the tops of the hills, the whole producing but little
grass; the narrow bottoms of the Missouri producing little else but Hysop
or southern wood and the pulpy leafed thorn. Capt. Clark walked on shore
this evening and killed a buffaloe cow, we left 2 Canoes and six men to
dress the Cow and bring on the meat, they did not overtake us this
evening. game is becoming more scarce, particularly beaver, of which we
have seen but few for several days the beaver appears to keep pace with
the timber as it declines in quantity they also become more scarce.

The post Frost Damages Cottonwoods; Southeast Breeze Aids Progress appeared first on Lewis & Clark Research Database.

The post Treaty with the Quapaw, 1818 appeared first on Lewis & Clark Research Database.