Lewis: January 23, 1806
Lewis sent Howard and Warner to the salt-makers' camp to bring back a fresh supply of salt. At the fort, men continued the difficult work of dressing elk skins into clothing, hampered by a lack of brains, soap, and even ashes, since the local pine firewood burned away to nothing. Lewis also recorded a detailed botanical description of a rush root used as food by the Killamucks and other coastal natives, noting its bulb, stem structure, leaves, and preparation by roasting.
Friday January 23rd 1806. This morning dispatched Howard and Warner to the
Camp of the Saltmakes for a supply of salt. The men of the garison are
still busily employed in dressing Elk’s skins for cloathing, they find
great difficulty for the want of branes; we have not soap to supply the
deficiency, nor can we procure ashes to make the lye; none of the pines
which we use for fuel affords any ashes; extrawdinary as it may seem, the
greene wood is consoomed without leaving the residium of a particle of
ashes.
The root of the rush used by the natives is a sollid bulb about one inch
in length and usually as thick as a man’s thumb, of an ovate form
depressed on two or more sides, covered with a thin smothe black rind. the
pulp is white brittle and easily masticated either raw or roasted the
latter is the way in which it is most usually prepared for uce. this root
is reather insipid in point of flavour, it grows in greatest abundance
along the sea coast in the sandy grounds and is most used by the
Killamucks and those inhabiting the coast. each root sends up one stock
only which is annual, the root being perenniel. the bulb is attatched to
the bottom of the caulis or stem by a firm small and strong radicle of
about one Inch long; this radicle is mearly the prolongation of the caulis
and decends perpendicilarly; a little above the junction of this radicle
with the caulis, the latter is surrounded in a whorl with a set of small
radicles from 6 to 9 inches long which are obliquely descending. the
caulis is celindric erect hollow and jointed, and is about the size or
reather larger than the largest quill. it rises to the hight of 3 or 4
feet, not branching nor dose it either bear flower or seed that I can
discover tho I am far from denying that it dose so sometimes, but I have
not been able to discover it. the stem is rough like the sand rush and is
much like it when green or in it’s succulent state. at each joint it puts
out from twenty to thirty long lineal stellate or radiate & horizontal
leaves which surround the stem. above each joint about half an inch the
stem is sheathed like the sand rush.
Read this entry in modern English AI-translated
Friday January 23rd 1806. This morning I dispatched Howard and Warner to the camp of the saltmakers for a supply of salt. The men of the garrison are still busily employed in dressing elk skins for clothing. They find great difficulty for want of brains; we have no soap to supply the deficiency, nor can we procure ashes to make lye. None of the pines which we use for fuel produces any ashes. Extraordinary as it may seem, the green wood is consumed without leaving the residue of a particle of ashes.
The root of the rush used by the natives is a solid bulb about one inch in length and usually as thick as a man's thumb. It is of an ovate form, depressed on two or more sides, and covered with a thin, smooth black rind. The pulp is white, brittle, and easily chewed either raw or roasted; the latter is the way it is most usually prepared for use. This root is rather insipid in flavor. It grows in greatest abundance along the sea coast in sandy grounds and is most used by the Killamucks (Tillamooks) and those inhabiting the coast. Each root sends up only one stalk, which is annual, the root being perennial. The bulb is attached to the bottom of the caulis, or stem, by a firm, small, and strong radicle about one inch long. This radicle is merely the prolongation of the caulis and descends perpendicularly. A little above the junction of this radicle with the caulis, the stem is surrounded in a whorl with a set of small radicles from 6 to 9 inches long, which descend obliquely. The caulis is cylindrical, erect, hollow, and jointed, and is about the size, or rather larger, than the largest quill. It rises to the height of 3 or 4 feet, not branching, nor does it bear flower or seed that I can discover, though I am far from denying that it does so sometimes, but I have not been able to discover it. The stem is rough like the sand rush and is much like it when green or in its succulent state. At each joint it puts out from twenty to thirty long, linear, stellate or radiate, and horizontal leaves which surround the stem. About half an inch above each joint, the stem is sheathed like the sand rush.
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