Closed Captions

Bev Hines of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation corrects popular myths about Sacagawea, the Shoshone woman who traveled with the Corps of Discovery. Hines discusses Sacagawea's capture by the Hidatsa, her role as interpreter rather than guide, her contributions to the expedition's survival, her illness and recovery, and her death in 1812. The presentation emphasizes documented historical facts over romanticized versions of her life.

Transcript

0:03 our next speaker, uh, Miss Bev Hines of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation. She is going to talk to us today about Chicago. So please join me in helping me helping welcome Bev to the stage today.
0:23 I guess we're all here and ready to go, and we hope we don't have too much traffic on the interstate and too many of them run on the jake brakes.
0:33 I don't want to break your hearts, but I'm going to uh cut down some of the myths of Chicago lab. Sacatawaya Sacagawea Sagagawea. And twice, Clark called her Jamie. Those of us in Iowa were in Sacatowea years and years ago. The North Dakota say Saakawea,
0:57 but not the man in Hidatsa tribes. Some of you had your exposure to Chicago way up from Waldo's novel. One of my friends said, oh, it was such a beautiful story about her, that big thick book, and I said, the only part that was accurate was the start of each chapter where she quoted from the journals. So by the way, I didn't speak English. So out the way,
1:20 I didn't have an affair with Captain Clark. I'm taking all the fun out of it, aren't.
1:27 But legends and myths die hard. And some of the myths have been that there was a 2nd Sacagawea. That lived until she was close to 100 and then died and is buried on the Wind River Reservation. But those of us who are Lewis and Clark people think differently.
1:49 This one could almost start like a fairy tale. Once upon a time there lived. Some stories in history should all be started that way as far as I'm concerned.
1:59 But Chicago area
2:02 It was quite a young woman.
2:05 The only thing now is that the man dances and the Shoshone still don't agree on how to pronounce her name. You're more apt from the Mandan villages and any mass here Sagaea. The Shoshone will sometimes say suck cabawaya. She may not even have been named when she grew up in the show showing trial.
2:28 Regardless of spellings or pronunciation, she was quite a remarkable young woman.
2:35 She has more statues, 23 that I'm aware of, that have been made to her than any woman in American history. She's got all kinds of paintings. She's got mountains, she's got rivers, she's got just about anything you can think of named in her honor.
2:52 Many books about her, and most of them aren't after. Kind of hard to go back and get into the Indian history and have the history come up with what you want.
3:05 According to the journal, she was le by Shoshoni.
3:11 One of the snake tribe, the salmonearers. Her people were a semi-nomadic tribe. They were called the Amaduki.
3:23 Centered around today's continental divide in the area of Idaho. The Lemhi River Valley. She was probably born in what's now the Tendo area.
3:37 What we know is documented about where she was taken in Lewis's journals for July and August of 1805. And Lewis wrote that when she was about 12 years of age, approximately 1800, she was taken prisoner near the Three Forks, Montana area. By the Hadatsa Indians. They were a rating party.
4:01 The Shoshones did not have guns. They had great horses, but they didn't have guns. And the
4:09 Militaries would come in. AAA and Atari group would come in. The men would be off hunting. They would not take women, they would not take old men. They would not take the young boys. They took the young women to be their slave.
4:29 What would her early life as a child have been like? Well, they were semi-nomadic, as I said. In the summer, they went to the mountain rivers to fish for salmon. In the fall, they cross the mountains to the eastern plains to hunt for buffalo. In the spring, they went to their campus plains for the campus route.
4:50 She learned as soon as she could walk to take her little digging stick. So by the time she was 3, she had a little digging stick and she learned how to dig through us. She learned which berries were edible. Which of the ground vegetables that they could find were edible. She learned how to set up and tear down a TV. She learned how to pack for whenever they would travel to hunt or anything.
5:14 You have to remember, the men did the hunting and the killing. And then they left the cutting up and all the rest of the work to the women.
5:26 Smallpox had already been through the area of the Shoshones. They were a weakened tribe. They got their horses from the southwest from the Spanish, and as I said, they had marvelous horses, just no guns. The Plains Indians really made the raids and took their toll on them.
5:49 When she was taken,
5:52 She was taken back to the Mandan area village. The area they headed east. But they did not go by the way that Lewis and Clark came west later. They took the southerly route. They went in along following the Yellowstone until the Yellowstone met up with the Missouri. So one thing I'm going to tell you is she was not a guide, she was not a guide.
6:17 She did not know where she was going. She did not point out to them, take this route. She wasn't a guy.
6:25 Her role, key role was as an interpreter for the Shoshonenes.
6:31 A woman with a baby meant usually that it was not a war party. And she helped them find food. But when you see Chicago way of pointing, No. She did not know where she was going. Hate to tell you that.
6:49 Imagine being a 12 year old being taken by a tribe, going across several 100 miles, and going to live in another tribe where you didn't know the language. If they asked you your name, you couldn't even tell them your name because you didn't know what they asked. So we don't know if Chicago W was her name in the show Showbiz or not.
7:12 The Shoshones frequently did not give their children a name until there had been some major occurrence in their life. So she may not have been had a name. So today, the Shoshone's remand still argue. Does Chicago we mean bioman or does it mean boat, boat launcher? Did she have a name back then, but she went with this tribe to become a slave. Now, being nomadic
7:36 and going there, not knowing the language. And going into a tribe that planted pumpkins, corn. Tobacco She had to learn to farm. This is a totally alien world to this young woman.
7:56 They raised sunflowers, beans, corn, squash. And so the digging stick that she had learned to dig her things with became a digging stick like they used to plant things.
8:11 Amy Moss and I had a long 2 hours in the airport one time and she said, oh, we didn't take slaves. Hello. Yes, she did. The Indian tribes, almost all of them took slaves. I haven't been able to ask any of our, uh, Deep historians who get into genealogy and lineage and stuff,
8:36 if this was a good way to bring in fresh blood to a tribe so that you didn't have a lot of inbreeding. would steal from another tribe and bring them in and eventually you took them into their family and then married.
8:50 She was with them about 3 to 4 years before Charboneau came along. Charboneau had come to the Hadatsa villages as a trapper and trader. He spoke French. He spoke Hadatsa.
9:07 Some say he won her in a card game. The captains tell us in the in the journal that he purchased her. Now, when you look at purchasing, do you think as we do with some other tribes in the country and in the world, a bride price? He already had one show showing a wife with a small child. He was probably
9:31 close to 3 times her age. The thing I like about Charmanau is he kept marrying very young Indian women. Even when he was 80, he took another 15 year old.
9:43 But each other is his bride.
9:46 He worked as an interpreter when Lewis and Clark came. He was an interpreter for them. We're told it was short, dark, loud, rough.
9:59 And he was always, it seemed like in trouble and kind of chickening out on things during the expedition.
10:08 What they said was a French man by name Chavanna, who speaks the big belly, the robo language, visits us. He wanted to hire and informed us his two squares were snake, Shohomi Indians. We engaged him to go with us and take one of his wives to interpret the snake language.
10:32 No one says it in the journals nor in much of what I have read over the years as to why they picked Chicago way. My own feeling is if wife number one had a 2 year old and you're gonna take a showing wife to interpret, you're gonna take the one that's got a baby in a cradle board, not a 2 year old that's gonna run around camp.
10:55 When you look at how they had to interpret and the way that language went, it's very interesting. Private Levi, who was half Omaha, half French, spoke French and did a lot of interpreting. So the captains would speak to him in English. He would speak in French to Charbonne. Charbonne would speak Hadasa.
11:20 Just got away.
11:22 Then when you got out at the Shoshone's, you had to add one more layer. So trying to interpret and go back and forth could be an all-day thing.
11:34 That winter had the camp at Fort Vanban. They moved Charco and Chicagoea into the port itself. So Chicagohua was away from any of her women friends and the women who would help her with her pregnancy. And on February 11th, we are told that she was In labor with the baby.
11:57 Painful, violent. And one of the Frenchmen by the name of your song said, he had heard if he took a rattlesnake rattle and crushed it and put it in water and gave it to the lawn, she would deliver it quickly. Well, I've got 3 kids and I think if you threaten me with rattlesnake rattle, I might deliver quickly also. Clark had the rattlesnake rattle. Jason,
12:22 gave it to her. They say in the journal she delivered 10 minutes later.
12:29 Captain Lewis was enough of a scientist to say he would have to see that many more times before he would believe in the efficacy of it. So, my nursing background said, OK, what is in rattlesnake rattle? Is there something like ketocin, like we use today to induce labor.
12:50 Uh My medical friends say, oh well. keratin, the same stuff that's in your fingernails is what's in a rattlesnake rattle. I thought, OK, placebo effect. You tell somebody long enough, strong enough that this is gonna work, maybe it does.
13:12 She delivered on April 11 or February 11th of 1805. And on April 7th of 1805, the Keelbo went back downstream. 30 men of the expedition, Charbonel, Secagawea, and the baby started west. 55 day old baby in a cradle board, a nursing mother, 16 years, 17 years old,
13:37 with the original disposable diapers, a piece of leather filled with cattail fluff or marsh grass, at least it was by the gravel.
13:48 The first time that they mentioned in the journals after leaving on the 7th, that she did something for them where she was walking on shore on April 11th. She found a pile of wood. And she knew that the mice would hide things under the woods, so she dug in under there and lo and behold, wild artichokes.
14:13 Food for dinner.
14:17 They walked a lot on the shore, not always in the boats, and she would find the ripped vegetables, the things that they could eat.
14:28 She gathered worse and Barrassed all the rest of the way with her. Now, squaw was not a derogatory word back then. Slaw when used in context, meant the wife of another man.
14:44 Back east, the Algonquins called the white men's wives squats. And it didn't have a derogatory connotation. It just meant you were the wife of another man. On May 14th, a white row starts to tip. They're in the water of the Missouri, the wind comes up, it starts to swamp.
15:06 Sure, no panics. He doesn't do a thing. The captains were walking on shore. Cruzat, blind in one eye, not seeing in the other, the good river boatman, was at the rudder. He threatened Charonau to straighten things up, help right the boat. Charo. In the meantime, Sacagawea with the baby on her back is reaching into the water,
15:30 picking up journals, picking up boxes, picking up papers and things as they float out.
15:38 Everything we needed that was washing overboard, she got most of it back. Because I got them to safety, he threatened to shoot Charido if he didn't shape up. The mistake wasn't given up. Lewis wrote in the journal that she had the Equal fortitude and resolution with any person on board at the time of the accident. He praised her. June 10th,
16:03 they are now in a camp near the Great Falls. They have camped because they are trying to figure out where it falls, what's going with the river. They're trying to get the celestial navigation, find out what they're doing. And Chicagoe becomes very ill.
16:20 High fever, intestinal pains. Medicine of the time. One of the things you did was to bleed a patient. You know, they gave you a medic to make you vomit, they gave you a diuretic to make the urine flow. They gave you her up to clean out the bowels, and then they would bleed you. And in this case, Clark Weber.
16:44 For 4 days, she got worse. Clark letter again.
16:50 What the men say in the journals.
16:56 He bought her twice. Louis was on a side trip. Clark wrote every day about her illness, and she kept getting worse and she ran a high fever, and this is the one place something happened in the trip that might have made a difference had she died. On June 14th, Clark wrote her case somewhat dangerous. He had her swallow some bark. Peruvian,
17:19 the powdered Peruvian bark came from the sincoma tree, gave us our quinine, but it was also the aspirin of the day. So he gave her a dose of that by mouth. And he also put a poultice of it on her abdomen. She became worse. He wrote she got into a depression.
17:39 Somewhat dangerous. June 15th, she refused to take her medicine and so the park. Said to Chardonna, I want you to help me. I don't think Sharon will really care, and Clark wrote that. finally got her to take some, but he wasn't concerned about her health. Clark said, if she dies, it will be the fault of her husband, as I am now convinced.
18:03 Lewis got away, he came back. By the time he came back to camp, her arms and her hands were twitching. Her pulse was very weak.
18:14 Lewis wrote, found the Indian woman extremely ill and much reduced by her indisposition, pulse weak and irregular. He gave her two doses of bark and he finally gave her some laudanum, opium mixed with alcohol or water. Now that will make a change in your pulse, and it did help. There is a sulfur spring not far from there. It's called Secago Lea Springs.
18:37 And Louis sent them in for some of the sulfur water, and he had her continue to drink the sulfur water for a number of days. We don't know if there was an electrolyte imbalance, but they tested the water today and they say, no, there's nothing in it that really would have cured her. But a nursing mother, what would have happened if she died?
18:58 Good question. 4 month old baby, would the men have chewed food and then spit it back out for the baby to eat. You have to look at this and you think that could have been a catastrophe. It could have been a catastrophe.
19:15 Captains recorded every day of her condition. It took about 10 days for her to get better. Now what did they think that she had? Today, the doctors say possibly postpartum pelvic inflammatory disease. She probably had had diarrhea because venereal diseases were on the ends.
19:38 We look at that and we'd say, OK, do we want it to have up to a childbed fever?
19:45 The Chicago wea that the Lewis and Clarkers believed was the true Chicagouea died in 1812 at Fort Manuel, four months after giving birth to a girl, Lisette. And the port settler, whose name was Luddy wrote that the wife of Charboneau, who went with Lewis and Clark, died today. A putrid favor. Very much what she had.
20:09 4 months after giving birth. To baby Pam to Jean Baptiste.
20:18 They did the journey around the falls. It took them 3+ weeks to get around the falls. And then on the 29th of June, there is a flash flood. There is this heavy rain.
20:33 Clark, Charonau, Secago Lea, and the baby are in kind of a valley, a gully, and this flood comes running through. Now, here's where Sharbro panics again. He's scrambling to get up. You get to high ground.
20:50 Trying, not too hard to pull her. Clark is below trying to shove her up before the water gets more than waist deep on him. They managed to get to the top shelf of this area before anything happened to all of them, but they lost the cradleboard. They lost all of the baby's clothes. Charbonneau lost his gun. That rainstorm was so heavy
21:15 and so bad that they had hailstones between 1 inch and 7 inches in diameter. We're told in the journals that the men were beaten and bloodied by those hailstones. 24th of July. Now they're seeing the Rocky Mountains. I love the captains. One of those things that you realize that at the time,
21:39 they thought that the country was balanced. There's Appalachians on the east coast, not too high, you're going to get to the West Coast, you're gonna find something that matches.
21:49 I would love to have been a little mouse because I've told the captains who would not have used swear words. But I want to know what they said when they started seeing the Rockies, and then when they got out to the Shoshonemis and all they saw was row after row after row. The Indians had told them they would see shining mountains. Snow on them,
22:12 but they didn't tell them how much, and I would love to have heard what they said.
22:18 We are now in the area where Chicagoa is beginning to recognize landmarks, getting out in the Three Forks area.
22:27 This is the land of my people. And on August 14th, Sherman Oak hit Chicago way. And Clark reprimanded him for it. Now, this is one of the things that Shoshone Tribes and her great, great grandniece, Roseanne Ainson says, please always talk about the violence because there was frequently physical violence. In these families.
22:55 The Clark's told the Charlemont.
22:58 On August 17th.
23:01 They are in the area of the Shoshones now in Chicago where I sees a woman in the distance. She said Through Charreau and such. That she and a friend were captured by enemy warriors. Her friend escaped and made her way home, and the woman that she met was the friend.
23:23 Her fingers in her mouth. And she dances. She is overjoyed to see this young woman. When it came time for the meeting with the chieftains, A woman is not normal and an Indian woman is not normally in a circle with the chieftains and when you are meeting with strangers. If Chicagoea was brought in to interpret,
23:47 she would come in with her head down. She would keep her head down until she was to speak.
23:54 And this is where you go English to French, to Hadasa, to Shoshone.
24:01 And back.
24:03 And this is when Hollywood couldn't have done it any better.
24:08 Chief Camaille White was her brother. Now, we're not sure if it was Blood Brother or Klan Brother, but it was her brother, and it made it much easier to go and get the horses. Now, the custom of the show showing time was that she had been promised to a young man when she was a child.
24:28 They asked her to stay with the Shoshamis. This young man, though, did not want her, for now he had two wives and children, and she had another husband and she had a child by him, so he didn't want her. So there was no reason for her to stay with him.
24:47 One of the things that came up was on the 25th of August, Cabel awaits people had been starving. The members of the expedition hadn't had a lot to eat beforehand. And though he had promised horses. Tomato wave was going to take his people to go on a buffalo hunt because they were starving. And here is where Chareau is in trouble again because Secagolea overhears her brother saying that they are going to go
25:11 on the Buffalo market that no horses for Lewis and Clark. She tells Charboau and Charboau does not tell Captain Lewis at first, not till later in the day. The captains did though hold Camillo to his promise of horses. So on the twenty-ninth of August, they got the horses and their mules. He had got a horse for Chicago whale.
25:38 Through the bitter roots.
25:40 Starving. I've often wondered how a nursing mother managed with the food supply that they had to keep enough milk for a young child. But she apparently was given enough. And managed to do that.
25:59 This is an area where they were, Clark recognized her usefulness. The wife of Charbonneau, our interpreter, we find reconciles all the Indians as to our friendly intentions. A woman with a party of men is a token of peace. They recognized that.
26:20 Through the mountains. How to The coast There were a couple of times during the expedition, I would love to have been with them. I would love to have watched all these men carting water to pour down a hole to get a prairie dog. Another thing I would love to see when you read the journals is what the men do.
26:43 The rapids of the state river and the Indians are watching and I'm wondering if the Indians are thinking those crazy white men, do they know what they're going to do? But they got to the coast, November 24th.
26:57 They are going to take a vote from where to overwinter. York got a vote. He voted for Overlook like 11 of the other men, so that they could see what was going.
27:13 Scato Wea, first woman to vote, and Native American, voted potas. And in the journals, this is one of the places that Clark called her Janie. Cheney Boripotas, root vegetables, guapato where there is food.
27:33 Has to be the practicality of a woman.
27:39 On the 30th of November, Chicago Way had been pouring flour to bake something for You talk. She had gotten wet and it had started to sour, so she baked bread and gave some to Captain Clark.
27:58 He said it was, had not had bread for a month, so it was a treat, and I say, OK, did she start the sourdough bread thing? Because that was sourdough bread by the time she used the rot this wet sour flour.
28:16 When they had the camp at Fort Klanet, it was the first time that Chicago Way of Chardonau and the baby had a room of their own. All the journey traveling west, they had used the large leather tent, stayed with Captain Lewis, Captain Clark, George Junior, the other interpreter, Charboneaucagoea, and Baal. They had shared the tent all the way out.
28:38 One of the interesting things on this was from November 4th to March 23rd, there were only 12 days it did not rain on the Oregon coast. And only 6 of those days in the sunshine. Have a wet, miserable winter. Captain Clark's note that they did Christmas gift exchanges on December 25th.
29:01 You know, there's nothing like a Christmas dinner or rotted elk meat. They exchanged some handkerchiefs. One of the men made a pair of moccasins for Clark.
29:13 Sacagawea gave Captain Clark 24 weasel tails. How do you know what weasel tails are when they turn white? Urban She had brought them from the show showing when she was there with her tribe. Now, I'm not saying she didn't think a great deal of it, because I think she did.
29:38 He probably treated her better than Captain Lewis did, and she gave him 24 white weasel tails that made marvelous decorations. This woman had the captain's take her belt of blue leaves away from her to buy otter skin cape. The Indians on the coast were ferocious traders. They've been trading with all the sailors for years and the other people coming through,
30:03 and they would hold you up for highway robbery and the captains in their journals did not speak too highly sometimes of them. But she had lost her belt of blue leaves for trade for that.
30:18 On January 6th, they hear about the huge hails over on the beach. It's kind the whale wants to go see it. She has come all the way with the men. She's done everything the men have done, and she wants to go see the big fish. And what I would love to know is how did she make known through Charbonneau without standing her feet to the captains that she wanted to go see that big fish, and she got to go.
30:43 It was a three-day trip. Carting the baby in his, in the cradle. Now by then he's about 10 months old. I had to climb this one area to get over to where this big fish was, and by the time they got there, it was bones. Most of the blubber and meat had been taken, but she was allowed to go. She had gotten, she wanted to see the ocean and she wanted to see the big fish.
31:10 They started back in March. By the time in April, the expedition was forced to pay very high prices for horses. Charbonneau took 2 of her leather dresses away from her to trade for a horse. He also gave up one of his shirts, but it wasn't like taking her dresses again. Didn't ask, just to.
31:34 In May, baby Pomp became very ill. High fever, swollen at the back of his head and his neck. Those of us with gray hair probably remember the words of mastola and the infections that we used to get before the days of antibiotics. They said that he was cutting teeth and he had the lax, that means he's cutting teeth and he's got diarrhea.
31:59 So what are they giving, laxative. He was the only one in the whole trip who got an enema, and then the white man had the audacity to write, but the child felt better. They used a poultice of hot onions, as hot as he could stand. They used a poultice of beeswax, pine pitch. As warm as could be applied. He did
32:24 survive it. It's amazing when you look back at this and think of all of the things that happened to the men and everybody else. We don't have immune systems like that today. No way. They had them, they put up with the bad water, the half rotted meat. Of course, then when they got dysentery, they got Doctor Rush's thunderbolts to clean them out and
32:46 I think sometimes that they are gonna help instead of All that
32:53 The one time coming home that she was a guide. The men had sweat.
33:02 Clark was going to go to the Yellowstone. Lewis was going to go up to what is now cut back Montana area, and she told Clark. Through interpreter, that there was a pass in the mountains that her people took. And if he went that particular way, it would shorten his trip if he could make it through there easier. Today, we know it as Bozeman Pass.
33:27 And it is the one time in the journal that he calls her my pilot. That is the one time, yes, she knew where she could tell them to go. I don't know if she pointed there. But most of the time, no, she wasn't a guy. On August 17th, 1806. Sharon the family left the expedition.
33:53 Sherman got $500.33. He got the tent. He got a horse. One
34:03 Let's talk away again.
34:06 Selch
34:09 Such No pain. Clark expected, I think, to make it up to her later because theriro village on August 21st, he did write a letter back to Sherboaux saying that
34:23 He did not have in his power at that time to reward her as she should be given. Clark asked to take the baby back to Saint Louis with him and educated, not live with him, but educate him.
34:37 And Chicago lawyer said no, he was not weaned yet. He was 19 months old. Later.
34:45 Chicagouea's visit through this area down in Missouri was in 1810. And she and Chael went to Saint Louis.
34:56 She tried to be a farmer. He was given some land, sold it back to, to Clark, went back up the river in 1811. Rockinridge in his journal had written that in 1811 Shermanau and his Indian wife, who had gone with Lewis and Clark to the coast, were there on the boat that was going back up the river,
35:19 and that she liked the white, which made me think she was trying to dress as the white people did, but heard she was in ill health and they were on their way back.
35:32 December 12th of 1812, Fort Maeldy wrote this evening, the wife of Sherman of a snake's paw died of a fugitive feeder. She was a good and the best woman of the fort, age about 25 years, she left to find infant girl, Lisette.
35:52 But so how did we have there? It was fantastic feat, accompanying the men, doing everything that they did except the hunting, but she was looking for soldier, for food.
36:04 To go do that. It's like that old saying, you know.
36:08 Fred Astaire was a marvelous dancer, but Ginger Rogers did everything he did on the backwards and in high heels and long dress. Wellcago we did it in her moccasins and with a baby on her back, a nursing mother. Lewis said she was having the luck. Clark called her uncomplaining. And such a trait wouldn't have been gotten such a compliment if it weren't true.
36:32 Mo took baby Lisette. And another young boy down to Saint Louis. Arrived in 1813. Applied to the board in August for appointment as a guardian for Lisette as well as for uh Tucson. A boy about 10 years old. In the court records.
36:54 His name has been crossed out and William Clark's name has been substituted. So William Clark did the educating of Jean Baptiste Charbonau and Lisette.
37:08 The children were educated in Saint Louis. I love the things that John Baptiste, we, we don't know what happened to Lisette. We know that Lisette, there was a Lisette cardinal at 24. There's a marriage license, but we have not been able to follow anything beyond that. We know that John Baptiste could speak English, French, and Hadaka. was sent to school, learned Greek and Latin, went to Germany,
37:33 what is now Germany, with Duke Paul of Ortenburg. Can you see them with this young Indian warrior throwing a tomahawk in the palaces of Europe for a few years. And learn to speak German, Italian, and some Spanish. And then came back to this country and over-educated Indian, who then went to lead. Groups out into the west.
37:59 Clark's ledgers were found in 1936. He had in the 1820s started keeping track of who was alive and who was dead of the expedition between 1825 and 1828.
38:13 The woman who wrote about the Chicago layer, the one Pario, the one who never said she was Chicago layer, died before these were published. But in his ledger, he had written 1812. So Allah dead, and then the Lord seearja, we are dead.
38:37 When you look at the ways that the name was spelled in the journals,
38:43 About 23 different ways, all total.
38:47 And Bill, when he did the journals, put in a J because he couldn't read their G's. So you have Sakagawea Sakaga wea, Sakagaweya, and you keep going on and I still like Jamie. Whatever you end up calling her.
39:07 She was a marvelous young woman. A marvelous.
39:12 I don't know that any of the girls today would walk across the country in their moccasins with a baby on their back. I do the things that they did. Whatever you do, she's a marvelous young woman. She was not a guy. But we are very proud and recognize that Lewis and Clark would not have survived or made the journey without the help of the Indians that they discovered
39:36 along the way that they met up with. From the Oto, Missouri, who gave them watermelons when they met down near what is now Fort Atkinson, the man van where they exchanged metal and blacksmithing for corn. Sexual favors of venereal disease too. To the show showings that gave them horses, to the nurse who rescued them after the bitterness,
40:02 and Watkowitz said, do not kill them. This aged woman who said, I have been rescued by white men and brought to my people, do them no harm. They never would have made it without the Native Americans, and they wouldn't have made it without this young woman, Scagoea, the show showing one woman, interpretress. Interpret this.
40:28 Thank you.
40:36 I'll take questions if you have any. We have about 5 minutes left. We can take.
40:41 Any questions? There are a few very good books out. There's a couple on Chicago area.
40:52 There's a little pamphlet, the Charbonneau Family portrait, and Irving Anderson wrote that and it's available at our interpreter center. One of the ones I really like is um Chicago way up by Frank Tabasma, and then Harold P. Howard did both versions. At the very end of the book, he wrote the second one. I have up here on the table,
41:16 there's a book list of good, accurate Lewis and Clark books starting with inexpensive paperbacks and going on to more expensive ones. And then there's a sheet that says Happy Birthday Captains Lewis and Clark. It tells about their birthdays. August 1st was Clark's birthday, August 18th was Lewis's. They had their best birthdays of all three years
41:39 when they were along this stretch of the river. So pick one of those up. Read how they celebrated here and read what happened the other two years on the trail, and thank you.

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Bev Hines on Sacagawea: Myths, History, and the Expedition

Bev Hines

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Bev Hines on Sacagawea: Myths, History, and the Expedition

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