Lewis: August 22, 1805
At Lewis's camp, the buried cache was finished and Drouillard returned with a fawn and goods seized from a small Shoshone-area encampment after a chase in which he recovered his stolen rifle. Lewis examined the captured roots, describing three edible species, and had men dressing deerskins. Around 11 a.m. Cameahwait, Sacagawea, Charbonneau, and about 50 Shoshone arrived; Lewis held a council, distributed presents, and fed them corn and beans. Men netted 528 fish, including a new white trout, and Lewis bought five horses cheaply. Meanwhile Clark pushed through steep, rocky mountains, met startled Indian families, and camped along a rapid river.
Thursday August 22ed 1805 This morning early I sent a couple of men to
complete the covering of the cash which could not be done well last night
in the dark, they soon accomplished their work and returned. late last
night Drewyer returned with a fawn he had killed and a considerable
quantity of Indian plunder. the anecdote with rispect to the latter is
perhaps worthy of relation. he informed me that while hunting in the Cove
yesterday about 12 OCk. he came suddonly upon an Indian Camp, at which
there were a young man an Old man a boy and three women, that they seemed
but little supprised at seeing him and he rode up to them and dismounted
turning horse out to graize. these people had just finished their repast
on some roots, he entered into conversation with them by signs, and after
about 20 minutes one of the women spoke to the others of the party and
they all went immediately and collected their horses brought them to camp
and saddled them at this moment he thought he would also set out and
continue his hunt, and accorgingly walked to catch his horse at some
little distance and neglected to take up his gun which, he left at camp.
the Indians perceiving him at the distance of fifty paces immediately
mounted their horses, the young man took the gun and the whole of them
left their baggage and laid whip to their horses directing their course to
the pass of the mountains. finding himself deprived of his gun he
immediately mounted his horse and pursued; after runing them about 10
miles the horses of two of the women nearly gave out and the young fellow
with the gun from their frequent crys slackened his pace and being on a
very fleet horse road around the women at a little distance at length
Drewer overtook the women and by signs convinced them that he did not wish
to hirt them they then halted and the young fellow approached still
nearer, he asked him for his gun but the only part of the answer which he
could understand was pah kee which he knew to be the name by which they
called their enimies. watching his opportunity when the fellow was off his
guard he suddonly rode along side of him seized his gun and wrest her out
of his hands. the fellow finding Drewyer too strong for him and
discovering that he must yeald the gun had pesents of mind to open the pan
and cast the priming before he let the gun escape from his hands; now
finding himself devested of the gun he turned his horse about and laid
whip leaving the women to follow him as well as they could. Drewyer now
returned to the place they had left their baggage and brought it with him
to my camp. it consisted of several dressed and undressed skins; a couple
of bags wove with the fingers of the bark of the silk-grass containing
each about a bushel of dryed service berries some checherry cakes and
about a bushel of roots of three different kinds dryed and prepared for
uce which were foalded in as many parchment hides of buffaloe. some flint
and the instrument of bone for manufactureing the flint into arrow points.
some of this flint was as transparent as the common black glass and much
of the same colour easily broken, and flaked off much like glass leaving a
very sharp edge. one speceis of the roots were fusiform abot six inches
long and about the size of a man’s finger at the larger end tapering to a
small point. the radicles larger than in most fusiform roots. the rind was
white and thin. the body or consistence of the root was white mealy and
easily reduced by pounding to a substance resembleing flour which thickens
with boiling water something like flour and is agreeably flavored. this
rout is frequently eaten by the Indians either green or in it’s dryed
state without the preparation of boiling. another speceis was much
mutilated but appeared to be fibrous; the parts were brittle, hard of the
size of a small quill, cilindric and as white as snow throughout, except
some small parts of the hard black rind which they had not seperated in
the preperation. this the Indians with me informed were always boiled for
use. I made the exprement, found that they became perfectly soft by
boiling, but had a very bitter taste, which was naucious to my pallate,
and I transfered them to the Indians who had eat them heartily. a third
speceis were about the size of a nutmeg, and of an irregularly rounded
form, something like the smallest of the Jerusalem artichoke, which they
also resemble in every other appearance. they had become very hard by
being dryed these I also boiled agreeably to the instruction of the
Indians and found them very agreeable. they resemble the Jerusalem
Artichoke very much in their flavor and I thought them preferable, however
there is some allowance to be made for the length of time I have now been
without vegitable food to which I was always much attatched. these are
certainly the best root I have yet seen in uce among the Indians. I asked
the Indians to shew me the plant of which these roots formed a part but
they informed me that neither of them grew near this place. I had set most
of the men at work today to dress the deerskin belonging to those who had
gone on command with Capt. Clark. at 11 A.M. Charbono the Indian Woman,
Cameahwait and about 50 men with a number of women and children arrived.
they encamped near us. after they had turned out their horses and arranged
their camp I called the Cheifs and warriors together and addressed them a
second time; gave them some further presents, particularly the second and
third Cheifs who it appeared had agreeably to their promise exerted
themselves in my favour. having no fresh meat and these poor devils half
starved I had previously prepared a good meal for them all of boiled corn
and beans which I gave them as soon as the council was over and I had
distributed the presents. this was thankfully received by them. the Chief
wished that his nation could live in a country where they could provide
such food. I told him that it would not be many years before the whitemen
would put it in the power of his nation to live in the country below the
mountains where they might cultivate corn beans and squashes. he appeared
much pleased with the information. I gave him a few dryed squashes which
we had brought from the Mandans he had them boiled and declared them to be
the best thing he had ever tasted except sugar, a small lump of which it
seems his sister Sah-cah-gar Wea had given him. late in the evening I made
the men form a bush drag, and with it in about 2 hours they caught 528
very good fish, most of them large trout. among them I now for the first
time saw ten or a douzen of a whte speceis of trout. they are of a silvery
colour except on the back and head, where they are of a bluish cast. the
scales are much larger than the speckled trout, but in their form position
of their fins teeth mouth &c they are precisely like them they are not
generally quite as large but equally well flavored. I distributed much the
greater portion of the fish among the Indians. I purchased five good
horses of them very reasonably, or at least for about the value of six
dollars a peice in merchandize. the Indians are very orderly and do not
croud about our camp nor attempt to disterb any article they see lying
about. they borrow knives kettles &c from the men and always carefully
return them. Capt. Clark says, “we set out early and passed a small creek
at one mile, also the points of four mountains which were high steep and
rocky. the mountains are so steep that it is almost incredible to mention
that horses had passed them. our road in many places lay over the sharp
fragments of rocks which had fallen from the mountains and lay in confused
heaps for miles together; yet notwithstanding our horsed traveled barefoot
over them as fast as we could and did not detain us. passed two bold
runing streams, and arrived at the entrance of a small river” where some
Indian families resided. they had some scaffoalds of fish and burries
exposed to dry. they were not acquainted with the circumstance of any
whitemen being in their country and were therefore much allarmed on our
approach several of the women and children fled in the woods for shelter.
the guide was behind and the wood thick in which their lodges were
situated we came on them before they had the least notice of us. those who
remained offered us every thing they had, which was but little; they
offered us collars of elks tusks which their children woar Salmon beries
&c. we eat some of their fish and buries but returned them the other
articles they had offered with a present of some small articles which
seemed to add much to their pacification.
The guide who had by this time arrived explained to them who we were and
our object in visiting them; but still there were some of the women and
Children inconsoleable, they continued to cry during our stay, which was
about an hour. a road passes up this river which my guide informed me led
over the mountains to the Missouri. from this place I continued my rout
along the steep side of a mountain for about 3 miles and arrived at the
river near a small Island on the lower point of which we encamped in the
evening we attempted to gig fish but were unsuccessfull only obtaining one
small salmon. in the course of the day we had passed several women and
children geathering burries who were very liberal in bestoing us a part of
their collections. the river is very rapid and shoaly; many rocks lie in
various derections scattered throughout it’s bed. There are some few small
pine scattered through the bottoms, of which I only saw one which appeared
as if it would answer for a canoe and that was but small. the tops of the
mountains on the Lard. side are covered with pine and some also scattered
on the sides of all the mountains. I saw today a speceis of woodpecker,
which fed on the seeds of the pine. it’s beak and tail were white, it’s
wings were black, and every other part of a dark brown. it was about the
size of a robin-
Read this entry in modern English AI-translated
Thursday, August 22, 1805. Early this morning I sent a couple of men to finish covering the cache, which could not be done well last night in the dark. They soon completed their work and returned. Late last night Drewyer returned with a fawn he had killed and a considerable quantity of Indian goods. The story behind the latter is perhaps worth telling. He told me that while hunting in the Cove yesterday about 12 o'clock, he came suddenly upon an Indian camp, where there were a young man, an old man, a boy, and three women. They seemed only a little surprised at seeing him, and he rode up to them, dismounted, and turned his horse out to graze. These people had just finished their meal of some roots. He began conversing with them by signs, and after about 20 minutes one of the women spoke to the others of the party, and they all immediately went and gathered their horses, brought them to camp, and saddled them. At this moment he thought he would also set out and continue his hunt, and accordingly walked to catch his horse some distance away, neglecting to take up his gun, which he left at camp. The Indians, seeing him at a distance of fifty paces, immediately mounted their horses. The young man took the gun, and all of them left their baggage and whipped their horses, heading for the pass of the mountains. Finding himself without his gun, he immediately mounted his horse and pursued. After running them about 10 miles, the horses of two of the women nearly gave out, and the young fellow with the gun, hearing their frequent cries, slackened his pace. Being on a very fast horse, he rode around the women at a little distance. At length Drewyer overtook the women and convinced them by signs that he did not wish to harm them. They then halted, and the young fellow approached still nearer. He asked him for his gun, but the only part of the answer he could understand was "pah kee," which he knew to be the name they used for their enemies. Watching his opportunity when the fellow was off his guard, he suddenly rode alongside him, seized the gun, and wrested it out of his hands. The fellow, finding Drewyer too strong for him and realizing that he had to give up the gun, had the presence of mind to open the pan and cast the priming before letting the gun escape from his hands. Now finding himself without the gun, he turned his horse around and whipped it, leaving the women to follow him as best they could. Drewyer then returned to the place where they had left their baggage and brought it with him to my camp. It consisted of several dressed and undressed skins; a couple of bags woven by hand from the bark of silk-grass, each containing about a bushel of dried serviceberries; some chokecherry cakes; and about a bushel of roots of three different kinds, dried and prepared for use, which were folded up in as many parchment buffalo hides. There was also some flint and the bone instrument for making the flint into arrow points. Some of this flint was as transparent as common black glass and much of the same color, easily broken, and flaked off much like glass, leaving a very sharp edge.
One species of the roots was spindle-shaped, about six inches long and about the size of a man's finger at the larger end, tapering to a small point. The radicles were larger than in most spindle-shaped roots. The rind was white and thin. The body or substance of the root was white and mealy and easily reduced by pounding to a substance resembling flour, which thickens with boiling water something like flour and is pleasantly flavored. This root is frequently eaten by the Indians either green or in its dried state without being boiled. Another species was much broken up but appeared to be fibrous; the pieces were brittle and hard, the size of a small quill, cylindrical, and as white as snow throughout, except for some small parts of the hard black rind which they had not separated in the preparation. The Indians with me told me that these were always boiled for use. I tried the experiment and found that they became perfectly soft by boiling, but had a very bitter taste which was nauseating to my palate, and I gave them to the Indians, who ate them heartily. A third species was about the size of a nutmeg and of an irregularly rounded shape, something like the smallest Jerusalem artichoke, which they also resemble in every other appearance. They had become very hard by being dried. These I also boiled according to the instructions of the Indians, and found them very agreeable. They resemble the Jerusalem artichoke very much in flavor, and I thought them preferable, though some allowance must be made for the length of time I have now been without vegetable food, of which I was always very fond. These are certainly the best root I have yet seen in use among the Indians. I asked the Indians to show me the plant from which these roots came, but they told me that neither of them grew near this place.
I had set most of the men to work today dressing the deerskins belonging to those who had gone on the expedition with Capt. Clark. At 11 A.M., Charbono, the Indian woman, Cameahwait, and about 50 men, along with a number of women and children, arrived. They camped near us. After they had turned out their horses and arranged their camp, I called the chiefs and warriors together and addressed them a second time, giving them some further presents, particularly the second and third chiefs, who, it appeared, had, in keeping with their promise, exerted themselves on my behalf. Having no fresh meat and these poor folks being half-starved, I had previously prepared a good meal for them all of boiled corn and beans, which I gave them as soon as the council was over and I had distributed the presents. They received it thankfully. The chief wished that his nation could live in a country where they could provide such food. I told him that it would not be many years before the white men would make it possible for his nation to live in the country below the mountains, where they could cultivate corn, beans, and squashes. He appeared much pleased with this information. I gave him a few dried squashes which we had brought from the Mandans; he had them boiled and declared them to be the best thing he had ever tasted, except for sugar, a small lump of which, it seems, his sister Sah-cah-gar Wea (Sacagawea) had given him.
Late in the evening I had the men make a bush drag, and with it in about 2 hours they caught 528 very good fish, most of them large trout. Among them I now saw, for the first time, ten or a dozen of a white species of trout. They are of a silvery color except on the back and head, where they are of a bluish cast. The scales are much larger than those of the speckled trout, but in their shape, the position of their fins, teeth, mouth, etc., they are exactly like them. They are not generally quite as large, but equally well flavored. I distributed much the greater portion of the fish among the Indians. I purchased five good horses from them very reasonably, or at least for about the value of six dollars apiece in merchandise. The Indians are very orderly and do not crowd around our camp or attempt to disturb anything they see lying about. They borrow knives, kettles, etc., from the men and always carefully return them.
Capt. Clark says, "We set out early and passed a small creek at one mile, also the points of four mountains which were high, steep, and rocky. The mountains are so steep that it is almost incredible to mention that horses had passed them. Our road in many places lay over the sharp fragments of rocks which had fallen from the mountains and lay in confused heaps for miles together; yet, despite this, our horses traveled barefoot over them as fast as we could go and did not delay us. We passed two strong-flowing streams and arrived at the entrance of a small river" where some Indian families lived. They had some scaffolds of fish and berries set out to dry. They were unaware that any white men were in their country and were therefore much alarmed at our approach. Several of the women and children fled into the woods for shelter. The guide was behind us, and the wood was thick where their lodges were located, so we came upon them before they had any notice of us. Those who remained offered us everything they had, which was very little; they offered us collars of elk tusks which their children wore, salmon berries, etc. We ate some of their fish and berries but returned to them the other articles they had offered, along with a present of some small items, which seemed to ease their fears.
The guide, who had by this time arrived, explained to them who we were and the purpose of our visit; but still some of the women and children were inconsolable, and they continued to cry during our stay, which was about an hour. A road passes up this river which my guide told me led over the mountains to the Missouri. From this place I continued my route along the steep side of a mountain for about 3 miles and arrived at the river near a small island, on the lower point of which we camped. In the evening we attempted to gig fish but were unsuccessful, obtaining only one small salmon. During the day we passed several women and children gathering berries, who were very generous in giving us part of what they had collected. The river is very rapid and shallow; many rocks lie in various directions scattered throughout its bed. There are some few small pines scattered through the bottoms, of which I saw only one that looked as if it would do for a canoe, and that was only small. The tops of the mountains on the Larboard (left) side are covered with pine, and some pine is also scattered on the sides of all the mountains. Today I saw a species of woodpecker which fed on the seeds of the pine. Its beak and tail were white, its wings were black, and every other part was a dark brown. It was about the size of a robin.
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