Clark: February 15, 1806
At Fort Clatsop, Drewyer and Whitehouse left to hunt toward the southwestern mountains. Bratten arrived from the saltworks in poor health, reporting that Sergeant Pryor was bringing the ailing Gibson back by litter, delayed by violent winds. Pryor reached camp after dark with Gibson, who was less ill than feared though feverish and weakened from a cold caught hunting in the marshes. The men treated him with diluted niter, sage tea, a foot bath, and laudanum. Clark also recorded extensive notes cataloguing the region's quadrupeds and describing the horses and mules of the Plains tribes.
Saturday February 15th 1806 Drewyer and Whitehouse Set out on a hunting
excurtion towards the mountains Southwest of us. we have heard our hunters
over the Netul fire Several Shot today, but have had no account of them as
yet. 3 P.M. Bratten arived from the Saltworks, and informed us that Serjt.
Pryor and party were on their way with gibson in a litter. he is verry bad
and much reduced with his present indisposition. Wm. Bratten appears much
reduced, and is yet verry unwell. he informs that the Cause of Sergt.
Pryor’s delay was attributiable to the winds which had been so violent for
Several days as to render it impossible to get a Canoe up the Creek to the
point where it was necessary to pass with Gibson. the S. W. winds are
frequently very violent on the coast when we are but little Sensible of
them at Fort Clatsop. in Consequence of the lofty and thickly timbered fir
country which Surrounds us from that quarter, from the South to the N.
East.-. After Dark Sergt. Pryor arrived with Gibson. we are much pleased
in findeing him by no means as ill as we had expected. we do not conceive
him in danger by any means, tho he has yet a fever and is much reduced. we
believe his disorder to have originated in a violent Cold which he
contracted in hunting and prosueing Elk and other game through the Swamps
and marshes about the salt works. he is nearly free from pain tho a good
deel reduced and very languid. we gave him double doses of diluted niter
and made him drink plentifully of Sage tea, had his feat bathed in worm
water and at 9 P.M. gave him 35 drops of laudanum.
The quadrupeds of this countrey from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific
Ocian are first the Domestic Animals, consisting of the Horses and Dogs
only; 2ndly the Native Wild Animals, consisting of the White, brown, or
Grizly bear (which I believe to be the same family with a mearly
accidentail difference in point of Colour) The Black Bear, the Elk, the
Common red Deer, the Mule deer, the black tailed fallow Deer, the large
brown wolf, the Small wolf of the Plains, the large wolf of the Plains,
Panther, the tiger cat, the common red fox, the black fox or fisher, the
Silver fox, large red fox of the plains, Small fox of the plains or kit
fox, Antelope, Sheep, beaver, Common Otter, Sea Otter, minks, Seals
racoons, large Grey Squerrel, Small brown Squirrel, Small grey Squirrel,
Ground Squirrel, Sewelel, Braro, rat, mouse, mole, hare, rabbet, and pole
Cat or Skunk. all of which Shall be Severally noticed in the order in
which they occur as well as Such others as I learn do exist, and which not
been here recapitulated.
The Horse is principally Confined to the Nations inhabiting the great
Plains of Columbia extending from Latitude 40° to 50° N. and occupying the
tract of Countrey lying between the Rocky Mountains and a rang of
mountains which pass the Columbia River about the Great Falls or from
Longitude 116° to 121° West in this extensive tract of Principally
untimbered countrey So far as we have lernt the following nations reside
(viz) The Sosone, or Snake Indians inhabiting the South fork or ____
River, the Chopunnish, Sokulk’s, Cutssahnims, Chym na pum, Ehelutes,
Eneshuh & Chilluckkittequaws. all of whome enjoy the benifit of that
docile generous and valueable Animal the Horse, and all of them except the
three last have emence numbers of them. their horses appear to be of an
excellent race; they are lofty eligantly formed active and durable; in
Short maney of them look like the fine English coursers and would make a
figure in any country. Some of those horses in pided with large spots of
white irrigularly scattered and intermixed with black, brown, Bey or Some
other dark colour, but much the larger portion are of a uniform Colour
with Stars, snips, and white feet, or in this respect marked much like our
best blooded horses in the U, States, which they resemble as well in
fleetness and bottom as in form and Colour. the nativs Suffer them to run
at large in the plains, the Grass of which furnish them with their only
Subsistance, their owners takeing no trouble to lay in a winters Store for
them, but they keep fat if not much used on the dry grass of the plains
dureing the winter. rain scercely ever falls in those plains and the Grass
is Short and but thin. the nativs appear to take no pains in Selecting
their male horses from which they bread, in Short those of that
discription which I have noticed appear much the most indifferent. whether
the horses was originally a native of this Country or not, it is out of my
power to determine as we cannot understand the language of the nativs
Sufficiently to ask the question. at all events the Country and Climate
appears well adapted to this Animal. Horses are Said to be found wild in
maney parts of this extensive plain Country-. The Several tribes of
Sosones who reside near Mexico on the waters of Clark’s river, or
particularly one of them called Shd-bo-bo-ah have also a great number of
Mules, which among the Inds. I find are much more highly prized than
horses. an eligant horse may be purchased of the nativs in this Country
for a fiew beeds or other paltry trinkits which in the United States would
not cost more than one or two dollars. This abundance and Cheepness of
horses will be extremely advantagious to those who may hereafter attempt
the fir trade to the East Indies by way of the Columbia and the Pacific
Ocian.-. The mules in the possession of the Inds. are principally Stolen
from the Spaniards of New Mexico; Such as we have Seen appear to be large
with Spanish brands. among the Sosones of the upper part of Lewis’s river
we Saw Several horses with Spanish brands on them which the nativs
informed us Came from the South most probably from the Settlement in New
Mexico, on the heads of the North river or waters of the Bay of
California.
Read this entry in modern English AI-translated
Saturday, February 15th, 1806. Drewyer (Drouillard) and Whitehouse set out on a hunting excursion toward the mountains southwest of us. We have heard our hunters fire several shots over the Netul today, but have had no word from them yet. At 3 P.M. Bratten arrived from the salt works and informed us that Sergeant Pryor and his party were on their way with Gibson in a litter. He is very ill and much weakened by his present sickness. William Bratten appears much reduced, and is still very unwell. He informs us that the cause of Sergeant Pryor's delay was the winds, which had been so violent for several days that it was impossible to bring a canoe up the creek to the point where it was necessary to pass with Gibson. The southwest winds are often very violent on the coast when we feel little of them at Fort Clatsop, because of the tall and thickly timbered fir country that surrounds us from that direction, from the south to the northeast. After dark Sergeant Pryor arrived with Gibson. We are much pleased to find him by no means as ill as we had expected. We do not consider him in any danger, though he still has a fever and is much weakened. We believe his disorder began with a violent cold he caught while hunting and pursuing elk and other game through the swamps and marshes around the salt works. He is nearly free from pain, though much weakened and very languid. We gave him double doses of diluted niter and had him drink plenty of sage tea, had his feet bathed in warm water, and at 9 P.M. gave him 35 drops of laudanum.
The quadrupeds of this country, from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, are first the domestic animals, consisting of horses and dogs only; secondly the native wild animals, consisting of the white, brown, or grizzly bear (which I believe to be the same family, with only an accidental difference in color), the black bear, the elk, the common red deer, the mule deer, the black-tailed fallow deer, the large brown wolf, the small wolf of the plains, the large wolf of the plains, panther, the tiger cat, the common red fox, the black fox or fisher, the silver fox, large red fox of the plains, small fox of the plains or kit fox, antelope, sheep, beaver, common otter, sea otter, minks, seals, raccoons, large gray squirrel, small brown squirrel, small gray squirrel, ground squirrel, sewelel, braro, rat, mouse, mole, hare, rabbit, and polecat or skunk. All of these shall be noticed individually in the order in which they occur, as well as any others I learn exist that have not been listed here.
The horse is mainly confined to the nations living on the great plains of the Columbia, extending from latitude 40° to 50° North, and occupying the tract of country lying between the Rocky Mountains and a range of mountains that crosses the Columbia River near the Great Falls, or from longitude 116° to 121° West. In this extensive tract of mostly untimbered country, so far as we have learned, the following nations reside: the Sosone, or Snake Indians, inhabiting the South Fork or ____ River; the Chopunnish, Sokulks, Cutssahnims, Chymnapum, Ehelutes, Eneshuh, and Chilluckkittequaws. All of these enjoy the benefit of that docile, generous, and valuable animal the horse, and all except the last three have immense numbers of them. Their horses appear to be of an excellent breed; they are tall, elegantly formed, active, and durable. In short, many of them look like fine English coursers and would make a figure in any country. Some of these horses are pied with large white spots irregularly scattered and intermixed with black, brown, bay, or some other dark color, but the larger portion are of a uniform color with stars, snips, and white feet, marked much like our best blooded horses in the United States, which they resemble in swiftness and stamina as well as in form and color. The natives let them run at large in the plains, the grass of which is their only subsistence; their owners take no trouble to lay in a winter store for them, but they keep fat, if not much used, on the dry grass of the plains during winter. Rain scarcely ever falls in those plains, and the grass is short and thin. The natives appear to take no care in selecting their male horses for breeding; in short, those of that description which I have noticed appear much the most inferior. Whether the horse was originally native to this country or not, I cannot determine, since we cannot understand the language of the natives well enough to ask the question. At all events, the country and climate appear well suited to this animal. Horses are said to be found wild in many parts of this extensive plains country. The several tribes of Sosones who reside near Mexico on the waters of Clark's River, particularly one of them called Shd-bo-bo-ah, also have a great number of mules, which among the Indians I find are much more highly prized than horses. An elegant horse may be purchased from the natives in this country for a few beads or other paltry trinkets that in the United States would not cost more than one or two dollars. This abundance and cheapness of horses will be extremely advantageous to those who may hereafter attempt the fur trade to the East Indies by way of the Columbia and the Pacific Ocean. The mules in the possession of the Indians are mainly stolen from the Spaniards of New Mexico; those we have seen appear to be large, with Spanish brands. Among the Sosones of the upper part of Lewis's River we saw several horses with Spanish brands, which the natives told us came from the south, most probably from the settlements in New Mexico, on the headwaters of the North River or waters of the Bay of California.
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