AI Cross-Narrator Analysis

Reading every journal at once. What no human has done.

For every date with two or more expedition narrators writing, this database produces a side-by-side analysis comparing what each preserved. Long-form thematic essays trace patterns across years. Every claim cites a specific journal entry. Every analysis is reviewed before publication.

915analyses
6narrators synthesized
2+thematic essays
12+figure profiles
★ Editor's Pick · Lewis Silent Period

The Silence of Meriwether Lewis: What Clark and the Sergeants Preserved, August 1805–January 1806

For roughly 135 days spanning the Bitterroot crossing, the descent of the Columbia, and the founding of Fort Clatsop, Meriwether Lewis put down his pen. The expedition's most consequential geographic transit survives only through the eyes of Clark, Ordway, Gass, and Whitehouse — a documentary absence that shapes everything we…

William Clark Patrick Gass John Ordway Joseph Whitehouse
Read the analysis

Thematic essays

Long-form analyses that cut across many dates — diet, illness, language, weather, copying patterns, naming conventions.

Per-narrator studies

One essay for each expedition diarist — their distinctive voice, omissions, recurring themes, and how their writing evolved.

Key figure profiles

AI-assisted biographical syntheses drawn from every entry that mentions each person or nation.

Figure profile · John Colter

John Colter: The Hunter Who Walked Away From Home

From Pryor's mess at Camp Dubois to a solitary parting on the upper Missouri, John Colter emerges in the journals as one…

Figure profile · Clatsop

The Clatsop Nation: Hosts of the Corps’ Pacific Winter

For more than three months in the winter of 1805–1806, the Clatsop people of the lower Columbia were the nearest neighbors, traders,…

Figure profile · Tillamook

The Tillamook (Killamuck): Coastal Neighbors of Fort Clatsop

Living south of the Columbia's mouth, the Tillamook ("Killamucks" in the journals) traded whale blubber, oil, and roots with the Corps during…

Figure profile · Walla Walla

The Walla Walla Nation and Chief Yelleppit: Hosts of the Homeward Crossing

In late April 1806, the Walla Walla people and their principal chief Yelleppit provided the Corps of Discovery with horses, canoes, food,…

Figure profile · Francois Labiche

François Labiche: Hunter, Waterman, and Interpreter of the Corps of Discovery

A skilled hunter, reliable waterman, and multilingual interpreter, François Labiche appears throughout the journals as one of the expedition's most dependable enlisted…

Figure profile · Seaman

Seaman: Lewis’s Newfoundland and the Fourth Member of the Corps

Purchased in Pittsburgh for $20, the Newfoundland dog Seaman became the only animal to complete the entire 8,000-mile journey to the Pacific…

Figure profile · Old Toby

Old Toby: The Shoshone Guide Through the Bitterroots

Old Toby, the Shoshone guide hired by Lewis and Clark, led the Corps of Discovery across the most treacherous leg of their…

Figure profile · Otoe-Missouria

The Otoe-Missouria: First Council on the Plains

The Otoe and Missouria nations gave Lewis and Clark their first formal diplomatic council with Native peoples — a meeting at Council…

Figure profile · George Drouillard

George Drouillard: Hunter, Interpreter, and Indispensable Man of the Corps

Across nearly three hundred journal entries, George Drouillard emerges as the expedition's most relied-upon hunter, sign-language interpreter, and scout — the man…

Figure profile · Auguste Chouteau

Auguste Chouteau: St. Louis Patron of the Corps of Discovery

Co-founder of St. Louis and dean of its fur trade, Auguste Chouteau appears in the journals as host, supplier, and commercial presence…

Figure profile · Silas Goodrich

Silas Goodrich: The Expedition’s Fisherman

Private Silas Goodrich served as the Corps of Discovery's most dedicated angler, contracted syphilis at Fort Clatsop, and was among the small…

Figure profile · Iowa Tribe

The Iowa Tribe in the Lewis & Clark Journals: A Note on Absence

Although the Iowa (Ioway) Nation appears peripherally in the broader ethnographic horizon of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, the corpus of journal…

Browse by date

853 date-bound analyses, in chronological order.

1804 · 229 analyses
May 14 Departure from Camp Dubois: Four Voices on… May 15 A Heavy Stern and a Rainy Morning:… May 17 Court-Martial at St. Charles: Discipline on the… May 18 Three Registers at St. Charles: Cargo, Courtship,… May 19 Captain Lewis Arrives at St. Charles in… May 20 Lewis Joins the Party at Petit Côte May 21 Three Cheers and a Violent Rain: Departing… May 22 A Kickapoo Promise Kept at the Mouth… May 23 The Tavern Cave and a Captain’s Near-Fall:… May 24 The Retrograde Bend: Four Voices on a… May 25 The Last Settlement: Four Voices at the… May 26 Detachment Orders Amid the Thunder May 27 Mouth of the Gasconade: Five Voices, One… May 28 A Wet Pirogue, a Measured River, and… May 29 A Missing Hunter and the Echo of… May 30 Rain, Hail, and a Lost Hunter: Four… May 31 A Wind-Bound Day and a Letter Burned… Jun 1 Arrival at the Osage: Five Pens at… Jun 2 Measuring the Confluence: A Day of Instruments… Jun 3 A Sore Throat, an Obscured Sun, and… Jun 4 The Broken Mast and the Singing Bird Jun 5 The Painted Devil and the Burned Beaver:… Jun 6 Salt Springs, Split Rock, and a Boat… Jun 8 The Mine River and a Cache of… Jun 9 A Snag, a Swing, and the Measure… Jun 10 The Two Charitons and an Osage Plum:… Jun 11 Wind-Bound on the Missouri: Four Voices on… Jun 12 An Old Frenchman on the Down-River Current Jun 13 At the Mouth of the Grand: Three… Jun 14 The Place of Snakes and a Boat… Jun 15 The Sawyer, the Sands, and the Ghost… Jun 16 Three Voices on a Difficult Sandbar: Compression,… Jun 17 Rope Walk Camp: A Day of Manufacture… Jun 18 Boils, Bear-Fat, and the Rhythm of a… Jun 19 Tabbo Creek, Hard Water, and the First… Jun 20 Saukee Prairie and the Sand in York’s… Jun 21 Strong Water and a Broken Cabin Window Jun 22 Storm at Daybreak, Bear at Dusk: Five… Jun 23 Wind-Bound on an Island: Three Accounts of… Jun 24 The Snake, the Doe, and the Mulberry… Jun 25 A Coal Bank, a Creek of Many… Jun 26 Arrival at the Kansas: Four Voices at… Jun 27 Fortifying the Point: Three Views from the… Jun 28 At the Mouth of the Kansas: Four… Jun 29 Discipline and a Near Disaster at the… Jun 30 A Broken Mast and a Country Skipping… Jul 1 Biscuit Creek, a Phantom Sentinel, and “a… Jul 2 A Mast of Cottonwood and a Vacant… Jul 3 A Stray Horse and an Abandoned Trading… Jul 4 Independence Creek: Two Voices Mark the Nation’s… Jul 5 The Vanished Kansas Town: Four Voices on… Jul 6 A Whippoorwill on the Boat: Sweat, Sand,… Jul 7 Painted Prairies and a Sunstruck Man: Four… Jul 8 Discipline and the Nadawa: Mess Orders Beside… Jul 9 A Phantom Fire on the Missouri: Rain,… Jul 10 The Sleeping Hunters and the Yellow Clay… Jul 11 A Stray Horse at the Nemaha: Four… Jul 12 A Day of Rest at the Nemaha:… Jul 13 Notes Lost Overboard: Reconstructing a Day from… Jul 14 Forty Minutes Against the Wind: A Squall… Jul 15 A Stopped Chronometer and a Walk Through… Jul 16 Bald-Pated Prairie and the Sliding Bank: Six… Jul 17 A Day to Fix the Longitude: Four… Jul 18 A Slipped Bluff, a Starving Dog: Three… Jul 19 Cherries in the Whiskey Barrel, Iron in… Jul 20 The Weeping Water and a Yellow Wolf:… Jul 21 Reaching the Platte: Four Voices at the… Jul 22 Camp White Catfish: Instruments, Emissaries, and the… Jul 23 White Catfish Camp: A Pause to Summon… Jul 24 White Catfish Camp: Four Views of a… Jul 25 An Empty Village and the Shape of… Jul 26 White Catfish Camp: Sand, Sutures, and the… Jul 27 Departure from White Catfish Camp: Mosquitoes, Mounds,… Jul 29 A Frenchman, a Hurricane’s Wreckage, and a… Jul 30 The Braro, the Bluff, and a Place… Jul 31 Waiting at Council Bluff: A Tame Beaver,… Aug 1 Clark’s Birthday Feast and the Naming of… Aug 2 Four Pens at Council Bluff: Diplomacy, Venison,… Aug 3 Three Voices at Council Bluff: Recording the… Aug 4 Storm at Dawn, a Missing Man, and… Aug 5 A Bull Snake, a Lost Knife, and… Aug 6 A Violent Storm, a Missing Man, and… Aug 7 Pursuing a Deserter: Four Journals on the… Aug 8 A River of Feathers: Three Views of… Aug 9 Fog, Fatigue, and the Mosquito’s Hour: Four… Aug 10 At Blackbird’s Grave: Three Witnesses to a… Aug 11 At Blackbird’s Grave: Two Accounts of a… Aug 12 The 974-Yard Isthmus: Measuring an Eighteen-Mile Bend Aug 13 A White Flag at the Maha Village:… Aug 14 An Empty Village and a Pond Full… Aug 15 Fish, Smoke, and Silence: Four Voices on… Aug 16 Eight Hundred Fish and a Missing Messenger:… Aug 17 Awaiting Drouillard: Four Pens at a Camp… Aug 18 Council, Punishment, and a Deserter Returned: Two… Aug 19 Two Pens at Floyd’s Bluff: Diplomacy and… Aug 20 Three Voices for Sergeant Floyd — August… Aug 21 The Sioux River and the Red Pipestone:… Aug 22 Mineral Bluffs and a Sergeant’s Election: Four… Aug 23 First Buffalo, Blowing Sand: Three Versions of… Aug 24 Burning Bluffs and the Spirit Mound: Four… Aug 25 The Mound of Spirits: Four Views of… Aug 26 A New Sergeant and a Hill of… Aug 27 Chalk Bluffs, Cobalt, and a Signal Fire… Aug 28 A Damaged Pirogue, an Indisposed Captain, and… Aug 29 Sixty Sioux Across the River: Three Views… Aug 30 Drumbeats at Calumet Bluff: Two Privates Witness… Aug 31 Three Registers at Calumet Bluff: Ethnography, Ceremony,… Sep 1 Calumet Bluff to Bon Homme Island: Four… Sep 2 An Ancient Fortification on the Missouri: Three… Sep 3 Plumb Creek and the Yellow Bluffs: Four… Sep 4 Four Pens at the Mouth of the… Sep 5 No Preserves Island: A Mast, a Serpent,… Sep 6 Three Versions of a Cold, Windy Day… Sep 7 The Prairie Dog Village and a Discrepancy… Sep 8 The Trader’s Abandoned House and a Wolf’s… Sep 9 Five Hundred Buffalo and a Seep of… Sep 10 The Forty-Five-Foot Skeleton on the Bluff Sep 11 Shannon Returns: Four Accounts of a Lost… Sep 12 Four Miles Against the Current: A Day… Sep 13 A Porcupine in a Cottonwood: Five Pens… Sep 14 First Antelope, First Jackrabbit: The Specimens of… Sep 15 At the Mouth of the White River:… Sep 16 Corvus Creek and the Logic of Lying… Sep 17 A Naturalist’s Day on the Plains: Lewis… Sep 18 First Encounter with the Prairie Wolf: Naming… Sep 19 The Sioux Pass of the Three Rivers:… Sep 20 Around the Grand Détour: Geology, Game, and… Sep 21 Collapsing Sands and the Grand Detour: Four… Sep 22 Loisel’s Cedar Fort and the Architecture of… Sep 23 Smoke on the Prairie: Four Voices on… Sep 24 A Stolen Horse at the Mouth of… Sep 25 Three Pens at the Bad River: Comparing… Sep 26 A White Robe, a War Dance, and… Sep 27 Three Views of a Teton Night: Dance,… Sep 28 A Carrot of Tobacco and a Drawn… Sep 29 Refusing the Teton: Diplomatic Distance on the… Sep 30 A Boat That Rocked Like Medicine: Four… Oct 1 Four Pens at the Mouth of the… Oct 2 An Unanswered Gunshot on the Hills: Four… Oct 3 Headwinds, Mice, and a Turkey on His… Oct 4 A Warning Shot, a Swimming Supplicant, and… Oct 5 Four Pronghorn in the Current: Naming Creeks… Oct 6 An Abandoned Arikara Village on the Missouri Oct 7 Grouse Island and the Sur-war-kar-na: Four Witnesses… Oct 8 Four Pens at the Arikara Threshold: Naming… Oct 9 A Council Postponed: Wind, Wonder, and the… Oct 10 Three Villages, One Council: Diplomacy and Spectacle… Oct 11 Civility Among the Arikara: Four Voices on… Oct 12 Four Voices at the Arikara Villages: Diplomacy,… Oct 13 A Court-Martial on the Missouri: Four Voices… Oct 14 Rain, Lashes, and a Weeping Chief: Four… Oct 15 Buffalo-Hide Canoes and Quiet Omissions: Four Journals… Oct 16 Forty Antelope in the River: Witnessing an… Oct 17 Wind, Antelope, and a Whippoorwill: Three Voices… Oct 18 Cannonball River and the Robbed Trappers: Three… Oct 19 Counting Buffalo, Counting Game: Three Registers on… Oct 20 Four Pens, One Wounded Bear: Diverging Accounts… Oct 21 Sacred Stones and Sacred Trees: Three Voices… Oct 22 Three Views of a Cold Encounter: The… Oct 23 Five Lodges, Three Accounts: Snow, Theft, and… Oct 24 First Contact with the Mandan: Three Views… Oct 25 Approaching the Mandan Villages: Three Views of… Oct 26 Arrival at the Mandan Villages: Two Sergeants… Oct 27 Arrival at the Mandan Villages: Three Views… Oct 28 Wind on the Missouri: Three Pens Record… Oct 29 Three Voices at the Mandan Council: Ceremony,… Oct 30 Scouting an Island, Sounding the Mandan Council Oct 31 A Robe, a Pipe, and Nine Bushels… Nov 1 Choosing Ground: The Day the Corps Found… Nov 2 Three Hands at the Foundation: Building Fort… Nov 3 Raising Fort Mandan: Three Voices on a… Nov 4 Raising Walls and Recording Worlds: Two Sergeants… Nov 5 Two Camps, Two Calendars: Construction at Fort… Nov 6 Northern Lights and Departing Boatmen at the… Nov 7 Three Hands at Fort Mandan: Construction, Weather,… Nov 8 Three Englishmen, Cottonwood, and a Vanished Hat:… Nov 9 Frost, Cottonwood, and a White Weasel: Three… Nov 10 Three Hands at Fort Mandan: Construction, Diplomacy,… Nov 11 Robes, Rations, and a Wandering Horseman: Three… Nov 12 Big White’s Gift and the Memory of… Nov 13 Ice in the River: Three Accounts of… Nov 14 Trappers, Treaties, and a Telling Date Discrepancy… Nov 15 Ice on the Missouri: Three Voices at… Nov 16 Frost, Fort-Building, and a Pistol Refused at… Nov 17 Four Pens at Fort Mandan: Construction, Hunting,… Nov 18 Three Frames at Fort Mandan: Diplomacy, Construction,… Nov 19 A Pirogue Returns: Counting Game and Comparing… Nov 20 Moving Day at Fort Mandan — and… Nov 21 Stone for Chimneys, A River Still Open:… Nov 22 Corn, Chimneys, and a Domestic Crisis at… Nov 23 Stone, Rope, and a Misplaced Memory: Three… Nov 24 Three Journals, Three Worlds: A Single Day… Nov 25 Two Expeditions on One Page: Diplomacy at… Nov 26 Two Days, Two Narrators: A Calendar Discrepancy… Nov 27 Three Views from Fort Mandan: Diplomacy, Dance,… Nov 28 Snow, Sovereignty, and a Misplaced Memory at… Nov 29 Snow, a Dislocated Shoulder, and a British… Nov 30 A Call to Arms at Fort Mandan:… Dec 1 Pickets, Pipes, and a Scotsman: Three Views… Dec 2 A Cheyenne Pipe at Fort Mandan: Three… Dec 3 Four Pens, Four Forts: Divergent Records from… Dec 4 The Black Cat Visits, and a Bastion… Dec 5 Three Posts, Three Realities: A Winter Day… Dec 6 Three Pens, Two Winters: Diverging Records at… Dec 7 The Big White’s Summons: Three Accounts of… Dec 8 Forty-Two Degrees Below Freezing: Three Accounts of… Dec 9 Loaded Horses and Frozen Bottoms: Three Accounts… Dec 10 Proof Spirits Frozen Solid: Three Accounts of… Dec 11 Twenty-One Below at Fort Mandan: Three Accounts… Dec 12 Thirty-Eight Below at Fort Mandan: Three Views… Dec 13 Two Buffaloe and a Frozen Horizon: Three… Dec 14 A Cold Hunt Down River: Three Accounts… Dec 15 Empty-Handed Hunters and a Mandan Game on… Dec 16 Three Accounts of a Visit from the… Dec 17 Forty-Three Below and a Promise of Buffalo Dec 18 Cold Refusals and a Stolen Horse: Four… Dec 19 Pickets, Pelts, and Paper: Four Pens at… Dec 20 A Mild Day at the Pickets: Routine,… Dec 21 A Warm Day at Fort Mandan: Reconciliation,… Dec 22 Trade at the Pickets: Four Pens on… Dec 23 Pickets and Pumpkins: A Day of Trade… Dec 24 Christmas Eve at Fort Mandan: Three Views… Dec 25 Christmas at Fort Mandan: Four Voices on… Dec 26 Three Views from Fort Mandan: Dancing, Diplomacy,… Dec 27 Bellows, Floorboards, and a Frozen Hunter: Three… Dec 28 Frostbite, Drifting Snow, and a Stranded Guide:… Dec 29 Frost, Forge, and a Stolen Knife: Three… Dec 30 Trade, Bellows, and Badgers: Three Voices at… Dec 31 Sand on Ice, Corn for Iron: Three…
1805 · 359 analyses
Jan 1 New Year’s at the Mandan Village: Four… Jan 2 Frolicking at the Second Village: Three Views… Jan 3 A Failed Hunt and a Woman Seeking… Jan 4 Three Registers at Fort Mandan: Weather, Trade,… Jan 5 A Wolf, a Map, and the Buffalo… Jan 7 Cold, Cartography, and the Big White Chief:… Jan 8 A Quiet Tuesday at Fort Mandan: Three… Jan 9 Twenty-One Below: Frostbite, Lost Hunters, and a… Jan 10 Seventy-Two Degrees Below Freezing: A Boy’s Frozen… Jan 11 Hunters, Visitors, and a Sick Wife: Routine… Jan 12 Frozen Faces and Fresh Elk: Four Voices… Jan 13 Scarcity, Diplomacy, and a Frostbitten Return at… Jan 14 Frostbite on the Plains: Four Voices on… Jan 15 An Eclipse, a Thaw, and a Diplomatic… Jan 16 Three Villages, Three Vantages: Diplomacy and Daily… Jan 17 Zero at the Thermometer: Three Registers of… Jan 18 Four Pens at Fort Mandan: Traders, Hunters,… Jan 19 Three Horses Down the Ice: Provisioning and… Jan 20 Badgers, Buffalo Heads, and a Bowl of… Jan 21 Returning Hunters, Trading Wolves, and a Misplaced… Jan 22 Ice, Water, and Wandering Entries: A Fort… Jan 23 Four Pens, Four Winters: Divergent Records from… Jan 24 Empty Game Bags and the Quiet Work… Jan 25 Ice, Coal Wood, and Assiniboine Visitors: Three… Jan 26 Four Hands at Fort Mandan: Iron, Corn,… Jan 27 Frozen Hulls and Frostbitten Toes: Labor and… Jan 28 Ice, Iron, and Illness: Two Views from… Jan 29 Stones That Would Not Stand the Fire:… Jan 30 Stones, Visitors, and Stray Pages: Three Voices… Jan 31 A Boy’s Toes and a Hunter’s Pleurisy:… Feb 1 One Deer, Three Ledgers: Diplomacy and Domesticity… Feb 2 A Quiet Saturday at Fort Mandan: Three… Feb 3 Ice, Iron Spikes, and a Hunt Downriver:… Feb 4 A Hunt Down the Frozen Missouri: Three… Feb 5 Iron, Corn, and Curious Axes: The Blacksmith… Feb 6 Sheet Iron for Corn: Diplomacy and Provision… Feb 7 A Lock on the Fort Gate: Discipline… Feb 8 The Black Cat’s Visit: Diplomacy and Hunger… Feb 9 Scaling the Walls: Discipline and Daily Labor… Feb 10 A Scaled Wall and a Forgiven Lash:… Feb 11 A Birth at Fort Mandan, A Hunt… Feb 12 Horses, Hunters, and Hungry Wolves at Fort… Feb 13 Two Registers at Fort Mandan: A Hunter’s… Feb 14 Three Pens, One Robbery: Reporting the Sioux… Feb 15 Pursuit on the Ice: Three Accounts of… Feb 16 Two Vantages on a Cold Pursuit: Sioux… Feb 17 Two Registers at Fort Mandan: A Hunter’s… Feb 18 Two Camps, One Expedition: Meat Pens and… Feb 19 Sleds, Smiths, and Silent Returns: Three Voices… Feb 20 Three Vantage Points on a February Day… Feb 21 Three Returns to Fort Mandan: Meat, Weather,… Feb 22 Clearing Ice from the Perogues: Two Voices… Feb 23 Cutting the Pirogues Free: Three Voices on… Feb 24 Freeing the Boat: Three Accounts of Breaking… Feb 25 Hauling the Boat: Broken Cordage and Diplomatic… Feb 26 Raising the Barge: Three Voices on a… Feb 27 Pirogues, Maps, and a Giant Visitor: Three… Feb 28 News from the Arikara: Three Accounts of… Mar 1 Three Hands at Fort Mandan: Labor, Logistics,… Mar 2 Forge Smoke and Company News: Two Views… Mar 3 Coal, Cordage, and Courtesy Calls at Fort… Mar 4 Two Pens at Fort Mandan: Trade Diplomacy… Mar 5 Routine and Diplomacy at Fort Mandan: Two… Mar 6 Smoke on the Plains: Two Views from… Mar 7 A Fort in Motion: Industry, Diplomacy, and… Mar 8 Corn for Iron, and a Daughter Reclaimed:… Mar 9 Two Views of a Diplomatic Visit: The… Mar 10 Two Registers at Fort Mandan: Ordway’s Brevity… Mar 11 Two Pirogues and a Wavering Interpreter Mar 12 A Disputed Engagement and a Rising River:… Mar 13 North West Company Visitors and the Blacksmiths’… Mar 14 Departures and Defections at Fort Mandan Mar 15 Airing Goods at Fort Mandan: A Day… Mar 16 The Secret of the Glass Beads: Three… Mar 17 Charbonneau Reconsiders: Two Accounts of a Reluctant… Mar 18 Eight Equal Packs and a Distant Massacre:… Mar 19 Pirogues Finished, a Sick Child, and Whispers… Mar 20 Hauling the Canoes: Two Views of a… Mar 21 Pumice, Furnaces, and the Fort Mandan Field… Mar 22 Investing a Second Chief: Diplomacy and Diversion… Mar 24 Cages, Vocabularies, and the First Rain of… Mar 25 Steering Oars and Drifting Ice: The Final… Mar 26 Ice on the Move: Two Views of… Mar 27 Ice and Industry at Fort Mandan: Two… Mar 28 Pitch, Poles, and Floating Buffalo: Final Preparations… Mar 29 Ice, Rain, and Floating Buffalo: Three Voices… Mar 30 Ice, Fire, and Departure: Three Views from… Mar 31 Thinning Ice and High Spirits: Three Voices… Apr 1 First Rain Since October: Launching the Craft… Apr 2 Cargo, Correspondence, and a Chief’s Departure: Three… Apr 3 Cargo Manifests and Candid Confessions: Three Voices… Apr 5 Loading the Pirogues: Three Voices on the… Apr 6 A Day’s Delay at Fort Mandan: Three… Apr 7 Two Fleets, Two Directions: Departure from Fort… Apr 8 A Wet Keg of Powder: Four Accounts… Apr 9 Four Pens, One River: Departure Day Above… Apr 10 Three French Trappers and a Burning Bluff:… Apr 11 Venison, Beaver Tails, and a Distant Party… Apr 12 At the Mouth of the Little Missouri:… Apr 13 A Squall, a Goose Egg, and the… Apr 14 A Stray Dog, Empty Lodges, and the… Apr 15 Salt Streams and Antelope Pens: Four Views… Apr 16 Four Pens on the Upper Missouri: Coal,… Apr 17 Lean Buffalo and Assiniboin Rafts: Four Views… Apr 18 Wind on the Missouri: A Disputed Beaver… Apr 19 Wind-Bound Beneath the Bluffs: Four Views of… Apr 20 Wind, Sand, and a Scaffolded Woman: Four… Apr 21 Veal on the Plains: Four Voices at… Apr 22 Four Views of the White Earth River:… Apr 23 Wind-Bound on the Missouri: Four Voices on… Apr 24 Wind, Sand, and Wolf Pups: Four Voices… Apr 25 The Captain Walks Ahead: Four Voices on… Apr 26 Four Pens at the Yellowstone: Converging Accounts… Apr 27 Founding a Fort in the Mind: Lewis… Apr 28 Four Eyes on the Upper Missouri: Salt… Apr 29 First Grizzly, First Bighorn: Two Sergeants Describe… Apr 30 Four Pens at the Yellowstone’s Mouth: Measuring… May 1 A Wind-Bound Day, a New Plover, and… May 2 Scarlet Cloth and Big Medicine: Four Voices… May 3 Frost on the Kettle, Sacrifices in the… May 4 A Broken Rudder, a Fortified Lodge, and… May 5 Measuring the Grizzly: Five Pens on a… May 6 Dry Rivers and a Swimming Bear: Reading… May 7 A Swamped Canoe and a Bowling-Green Plain May 8 Naming Milk River: Five Voices on a… May 9 Big Dry River and the Boudin Blanc:… May 10 A Stray Dog, a Violent Wind, and… May 12 Pine on the Hills, Wind on the… May 13 A Wounded Bear, a Wind-Bound Morning, and… May 14 Two Calamities on the Missouri: The Grizzly… May 15 A Day Spent Drying: Five Narrators on… May 16 Drying Out Below the Breaks: Recovery After… May 17 Steeples of Earth and a Lodge Nearly… May 18 First Rain of the Spring, and a… May 20 At the Mouth of the Musselshell: Measurement,… May 21 Windy Island: Four Voices on a Sandstorm… May 22 Wind, Bear Oil, and the Limits of… May 23 Frost on the Oars, Mountains on the… May 24 Frost on the Water, Black Hills on… May 25 Four Pens, One Bighorn: Naming the Unknown… May 26 Mountain Sheep, Sandstone Cliffs, and a Distant… May 27 Four Views of a Barren Passage: Stone,… May 28 Rotten Cords, Floating Footballs, and a Bull… May 29 A Buffalo in the Camp: Two Sergeants… May 30 Slippery Banks and Broken Cords: Four Voices… May 31 Ruined Cities of Stone: Four Pens Confront… Jun 1 Lower Bluffs and Sandy Plains: Four Views… Jun 2 At the Forks of an Unknown River:… Jun 3 Two Sergeants, Two Rivers: Reconnaissance at the… Jun 4 Two Forks, Two Parties: Reconnoitering the Marias… Jun 5 Two Reconnaissances, One Decision: The Forks Take… Jun 6 Two Captains, Two Rivers: Converging Reports at… Jun 7 Espontoon on the Precipice: Four Voices, One… Jun 8 Naming the Marias: Five Witnesses to a… Jun 9 Cruzatte’s Cache and the Captains’ Conviction Jun 10 Caching at the Confluence: Five Accounts of… Jun 11 A Cache, a Departure, and Two Patients… Jun 12 Two Expeditions in One Day: Lewis Walks… Jun 13 The Other Side of the Falls —… Jun 14 A Letter Downstream, a Cascade Upstream: Two… Jun 15 Two Camps, Two Worlds: The Party Splits… Jun 16 Reuniting at the Portage: Five Voices Map… Jun 17 Wagons, Skins, and a Cataract Measured at… Jun 18 Two Camps, Two Tasks: The Portage Splits… Jun 19 Preparations at the Portage Camp: A Day… Jun 20 The Portage Reckoned: Clark Returns with the… Jun 21 Wagons, Hides, and the Iron Boat: Four… Jun 22 Wagons, Axletrees, and Drowning Buffalo: Two Views… Jun 23 Three Views of the Portage: Surveying, Suffering,… Jun 24 Hauling Canoes, Hunting Pitch: Four Views of… Jun 25 Sailing on Dry Land: A Day of… Jun 26 A Penknife at the Upper Camp: Boat-Building,… Jun 27 Hailstones, Crimson Water, and a Bear at… Jun 28 Two Camps, One Day: Boat-Building, Bears, and… Jun 29 A Fountain, a Flash Flood, and Four… Jun 30 Four Pens at the Great Falls: Boat-Building,… Jul 1 Iron Boat, White Bears, and a Flash… Jul 2 Storming the Bear’s Island: Three Voices on… Jul 3 Three Views from the Portage Camp: Boat,… Jul 4 Last of the Spirits: Three Voices on… Jul 5 The Iron-Frame Boat and the Buffalo Plain:… Jul 6 Hailstones Like Musket Balls: Three Views of… Jul 7 Skins, Sickness, and an Iron Boat: Four… Jul 8 The Experiment Sealed, a New Fox Examined:… Jul 9 The Death of the Experiment: Three Voices… Jul 10 Burying the Iron Boat, Felling Hollow Cottonwoods Jul 11 The Unaccountable Artillery of the Rocky Mountains Jul 12 Axes, Otters, and Gnats: Three Views from… Jul 13 Reunion at White Bear Camp: Three Voices… Jul 14 Canoes Launched at White Bear Islands: Three… Jul 16 Entering the Gates: Three Views of the… Jul 17 Three Eyes on the Gates of the… Jul 18 Dearborn’s River and a Party Sent Ahead:… Jul 19 Through the Gates: Three Voices at the… Jul 20 Smoke in the Valley: Three Witnesses to… Jul 21 Three Views of the Valley: Entering the… Jul 22 Onion Island and the Shoshone Homeland: Three… Jul 23 Whitehouse’s Creek and the Hoisted Flags: Four… Jul 24 Crimson Bluffs and Beaver Engineers: Four Views… Jul 25 Entering the Second Chain: Two Sergeants Read… Jul 26 Four Views of a Widening Valley: Botanists,… Jul 27 Four Voices at the Three Forks: Arrival,… Jul 28 At the Three Forks: Two Journals, One… Jul 29 A Captive Crane at the Three Forks Jul 30 Sacagawea’s Capture Site and a Captain Lost… Jul 31 A Captain Alone, A Crew Lamed: Convergence… Aug 1 Splitting the Party at the Mountain’s Foot:… Aug 2 A Valley of Heat and Cold: Five… Aug 3 A Panther on an Island, a Track… Aug 4 Three Forks of the Jefferson — A… Aug 5 A Fork in the River, A Split… Aug 6 A Lost Note, a Wrong Fork, and… Aug 7 One Canoe Less, One Man Missing: Drying… Aug 8 The Beaver’s Head and a Pole Pulled… Aug 9 Lewis Departs Overland: A Captain’s Calculated Risk… Aug 10 Beaverhead, Rattlesnake Cliffs, and a Note on… Aug 11 Three Thousand Miles from Wood River —… Aug 12 Rapid Currents and a Near-Capsize: Three Boatmen… Aug 13 Two Expeditions, One Day: The Divergence at… Aug 14 Two Camps, Two Captains: The Expedition Splits… Aug 15 Two Camps, One River: Hunger Diplomacy and… Aug 16 Two Camps, Two Hungers: The Shoshone Feast… Aug 17 Three Voices at the Forks: Converging Accounts… Aug 18 Three Horses, Two Coats, and a Birthday… Aug 19 Two Expeditions, One Date: Lewis’s Ethnography and… Aug 20 A Camp Divides: Lewis’s Cache and Clark’s… Aug 21 Two Camps, One Cold Morning: The Split… Aug 22 Two Camps, One Day: The Split Record… Aug 23 Two Camps, Two Verdicts: The Day the… Aug 24 Two Captains, Two Camps: The Day the… Aug 25 Charbonneau’s Silence and the Crisis on the… Aug 26 Crossing the Divide, Crossing a Threshold Aug 27 Flags, Horses, and a Game Like Button:… Aug 28 Two Camps, One Count: Horses, Salt, and… Aug 29 Two Camps Reunite at the Shoshone Village:… Aug 30 Departure from the Shoshone: Four Accounts of… Aug 31 Four Pens, One Trail: Departing the Lemhi… Sep 1 Steep as a Roof: Four Voices on… Sep 2 Dismal Swamp: Four Voices on the Worst… Sep 3 Wet, Hungry, and Cold: Four Voices on… Sep 4 Frozen Moccasins and White Robes: Two Sergeants… Sep 5 Six Languages and a Gugling Tongue: Encountering… Sep 6 Parting at Ross’s Hole: Three Accounts of… Sep 7 Down the Bitterroot: Four Pens, One Rainy… Sep 8 Four Pens, One Valley: Descending from Ross’s… Sep 9 Travelers’ Rest: A Pause Before the Bitterroots Sep 10 A Day’s Halt at Travelers’ Rest and… Sep 11 Painted Tree, Peeled Pines: Four Views from… Sep 12 Into the Bitterroots: Four Voices on a… Sep 13 Boiling Springs and a Lost Horse: Four… Sep 14 Colt Killed Creek: Hunger and Hard Crossings… Sep 15 Killed-Colt Creek and Snow for Water: Four… Sep 16 Snow on the Lolo Trail: Two Sergeants,… Sep 17 A Colt Falls Prey to Our Appetites:… Sep 18 Hungery Creek: Four Voices on a Day… Sep 19 A Glimpse of the Plains and a… Sep 20 Hungry Creek and the Last Mountain: Two… Sep 21 Two Camps, Two Stories: Diverging Paths on… Sep 22 Descent from the Horrible Mountainous Desert: Four… Sep 23 Three Vantages on the Nez Perce Villages:… Sep 24 Sickness on the Clearwater: Three Voices from… Sep 25 Searching for Canoe Timber While the Captain… Sep 26 Canoe Camp Established: Sickness, Small Axes, and… Sep 27 Five Canoes and a Camp of Sick… Sep 28 Sickness, Sultry Heat, and the Search for… Sep 29 Three Pens at Canoe Camp: Sickness, Salmon,… Sep 30 Three Voices at Canoe Camp: Illness, Industry,… Oct 1 Burning Canoes and Empty Kettles at the… Oct 2 Hunger at Canoe Camp: Three Journals, One… Oct 3 Recovery and Routine at Canoe Camp Oct 4 Three Camps in One: Diverging Accounts at… Oct 5 Branding Horses, Boiling Roots: Three Views from… Oct 6 Buried Saddles and Bowel Pains: Departure from… Oct 7 Launching the Canoes: Three Views of October… Oct 8 A Canoe Sunk on the Rapid: Three… Oct 9 Three Voices on a Riverside Delay: The… Oct 10 At the Forks of the Kooskooske and… Oct 11 Dogs, Fish, and a Subterranean Sweat House:… Oct 12 Three Views of a Treeless River: Counting… Oct 13 Three Voices at the Narrows: Running the… Oct 14 A Canoe on the Rocks: Three Accounts… Oct 15 Two Journeys, One Date: Diverging Accounts of… Oct 16 Arrival at the Great Forks: Two Sergeants… Oct 17 Three Views from the Forks: Salmon, Sketches,… Oct 18 Measuring the Columbia: Three Pens at the… Oct 19 Yelleppit’s Council and a Violin on the… Oct 20 Pelicans, Salmon, and the Silent Vault: Three… Oct 21 Fuel, Acorns, and a Sailor’s Jacket: Three… Oct 22 Three Voices at the Great Falls: Portage,… Oct 23 Portaging Celilo: Three Voices on Falls, Fleas,… Oct 24 Through the Shocking Gut: Three Voices on… Oct 25 Running the Narrows: Three Voices on a… Oct 26 Three Pens at The Dalles: Diplomacy, Fiddle… Oct 27 Three Voices at Quenett Creek: Ethnography, Weather,… Oct 28 A British Musket on the Columbia: Three… Oct 29 The Friendly Village: Three Registers on a… Oct 30 Stumps in the Water: Reading the Cascades… Oct 31 Three Vantages on a Single Portage: Reconnaissance,… Nov 1 Pounded Salmon and Sea Otters: Three Views… Nov 2 Below the Cascades: Two Accounts of the… Nov 3 Quicksand and Fog: Three Views of the… Nov 4 Wapato, Stolen Tomahawks, and a Mountain Misnamed:… Nov 5 A Horrid Noise of Swans: Two Voices… Nov 6 Two Registers on a Wet River: Brevity… Nov 7 Ocean in View, Fish in Hand: Divergent… Nov 8 Shallow Bay and the Limits of Dry… Nov 9 Crushed by Drift: Two Accounts of the… Nov 10 Stranded on Drift Logs: Two Voices from… Nov 11 Stranded Among Drift Logs: Two Voices on… Nov 12 Three Voices in the Tempest: Storm, Shelter,… Nov 13 Three Men, One Canoe: Reconnaissance from a… Nov 14 Storm, Stolen Gig, and a Reconnaissance: Three… Nov 15 In Full View of an Ocean More… Nov 16 Drying Out at the End of the… Nov 17 Reckoning the Continent: Mileage, Manners, and the… Nov 18 Two Routes to the Pacific: Splitting the… Nov 19 Two Scales of Witness on the Columbia… Nov 20 A Belt of Blue Beads for a… Nov 21 A Belt of Blue Beads for a… Nov 22 The Storm at the Columbia’s Mouth: Two… Nov 23 Names Carved, Otters Refused: Three Pens at… Nov 24 How Two Sergeants Recorded the Same Vote… Nov 25 Turning Back from the Crossing: Three Views… Nov 26 Crossing to the South Shore: Three Views… Nov 27 Point William and the Stolen Axe: Three… Nov 28 Three Pens, One Tempest: Register and Reticence… Nov 29 Searching for Winter Quarters: Four Voices on… Nov 30 Hawks, Black Ducks, and a Saved Crust… Dec 1 Four Voices on a Roaring Coast: Hunger,… Dec 2 The First Elk West of the Rockies:… Dec 3 Elk Meat, Wapato Roots, and a Name… Dec 4 Six Men to the Elk: A Storm-Bound… Dec 5 Lewis Returns: Three Voices on a Site… Dec 6 Driven to Higher Ground: Three Accounts of… Dec 7 Arrival at Meriwether’s Bay: Three Voices Approach… Dec 8 Three Routes to the Ocean: Diverging Accounts… Dec 9 Two Pens, One Storm: Clark’s Coastal Hospitality… Dec 10 Foundations in the Rain: Three Views from… Dec 11 Five Words and a Sick List: Two… Dec 12 Cabins, Fleas, and Clatsop Traders: A Day… Dec 13 Eighteen Elk and Two Cat Skins: Three… Dec 14 Raising the Roof at Fort Clatsop: Three… Dec 15 Two Vantage Points on a Wet December… Dec 16 One of the Worst Days That Ever… Dec 17 Chinking, Hail, and a Snow-Capped Mountain: Three… Dec 18 Frozen Rain, Bare Feet, and a New… Dec 19 Boards, Birds, and a Sick Sergeant: Four… Dec 20 Roofing Fort Clatsop in the Rain: Two… Dec 21 Two Camps, Two Calendars: A Disjuncture at… Dec 22 Rain, Spoiling Meat, and a Misplaced Memory… Dec 23 Three Pens, Two Rivers: A Disjointed Day… Dec 24 Christmas Eve at Fort Clatsop: Rain, Refusals,… Dec 25 A Damp Christmas at Fort Clatsop: Two… Dec 26 Fleas, Wet Powder, and a Smoky Christmas… Dec 27 Spoiled Elk, Sweet Roots, and a December… Dec 28 Salt, Storms, and a Beached Whale: Three… Dec 29 Spoiled Elk, Wapato Roots, and a Whale… Dec 30 Sumptuous Supper, Shut Gates: Closing Fort Clatsop’s… Dec 31 Sentinels, Wapato, and a Repaired Musket: The…
1806 · 265 analyses
Jan 1 Four Pens, One New Year: Ushering in… Jan 2 Fleas, Elk, and the Echoes Between Captains’… Jan 3 Dog Meat, Whale Blubber, and a Captain’s… Jan 4 Four Pens, Four Worlds: Trade, Trail, and… Jan 5 Salt, Blubber, and the Cord That Binds:… Jan 6 Weather, Whale, and the Salt Camp: Two… Jan 7 Four Pens, Two Errands: The Whale Road… Jan 8 The Whale at Tillamook Head: Three Vantage… Jan 9 Three Pens at Tillamook Head: Ethnography, Exhaustion,… Jan 10 Four Pens, One Whale: Reporting the Tillamook… Jan 11 A Lost Canoe and a Coastal Trade… Jan 12 Drouillard’s Seven Elk and a New Rationing… Jan 13 Candles, Tallow, and the Coastal Trade: Four… Jan 14 A Lost Pirogue and a Pacific Trade… Jan 15 Seven Robes for a Coat: Parallel Ethnography… Jan 16 Patient Strategy and Patient Copying: Twin Entries… Jan 17 Chief Beads and Cedar Bowls: Trade and… Jan 18 Four Pens, One Dog, and a Clatsop… Jan 19 Clatsop Hats and the Architecture of Authority Jan 20 Six Pounds in Two Days: Hunger, Habit,… Jan 21 The Sweet Thistle Root: Parallel Botany at… Jan 22 Two Botanists at Fort Clatsop: Ferns, Licorice,… Jan 23 Brains, Ashes, and Bulbs: Parallel Pens at… Jan 24 Marksmen, Medicine, and Barefoot Visitors: Four Views… Jan 25 Empty Hands at the Salt Camp: Hunger,… Jan 26 The Shallon Berry and a Pair of… Jan 27 Ten Elk on a Mountainside, and a… Jan 28 Snow-Covered Elk and the Naming of the… Jan 29 Lean Elk and Cedar Hats: Divergent Registers… Jan 30 Green Pine, Sac-a-commis, and Conic Hats: Three… Jan 31 Ice on the River, a Bird in… Feb 1 Hunters on the Netul, Canoes on the… Feb 2 One Month Elapsed: Ethnography and Tedium at… Feb 3 Seven Elk, One Bushel of Salt: Provisioning… Feb 4 Four Pens at Fort Clatsop: Elk Forage… Feb 5 A Lost Canoe Recovered and a Sitka… Feb 6 Stolen Elk and Studied Firs: Three Voices… Feb 7 Marrowbones and Smallpox: Four Voices at Fort… Feb 8 Elk Tongues and Salal Leaves: Four Voices… Feb 9 Jerking Meat and Cataloguing Firs: Four Voices… Feb 10 A Wounded Knee, a Sick Camp, and… Feb 11 Hunters in the Rain, Botanists by the… Feb 12 Three Dogs, Two Shrubs, and the Mechanics… Feb 13 Ferns, Rumored Cows, and a Carrot of… Feb 14 Mapping the Continent: Clark’s Cartographic Breakthrough at… Feb 15 Gibson Carried Home: Three Voices on a… Feb 16 A Captured Vulture and a Borrowed Page:… Feb 17 Salt, Elk, and the Measure of a… Feb 18 Wind on the Bay, Wonders in the… Feb 19 Salt, Skins, and Silver Foxes: Four Voices… Feb 20 Four Pens at Fort Clatsop: A Chinook… Feb 21 Salt Camp Closed, Specimens Catalogued: Four Voices… Feb 22 Cedar-Bark Hats and the Captains’ Parallel Pens Feb 23 Three Pens at Fort Clatsop: Ordway’s Illness… Feb 24 Eulachon, Elk, and the Division of Naturalist… Feb 25 A Storm-Bound Fort and the First Sketch… Feb 26 Empty Stores and the Mystery of the… Feb 27 The Badger, the Rat, and the Brevity… Feb 28 Four Pens at Fort Clatsop: A Sturgeon… Mar 1 Booted Toes and a Boy for Sale:… Mar 2 A Feast of Anchovies and the Cock… Mar 3 Counting Days and Cataloguing Pheasants: Four Pens… Mar 4 Steamed Sturgeon and Silent Skies: Domestic Science… Mar 5 Empty Traps and a Plan to Move:… Mar 6 Anchovies, Ailments, and the Catalogue of Coastal… Mar 7 One Elk, Two Loons, and a Bandage… Mar 8 Four Pens at Fort Clatsop: Hunters’ Returns… Mar 9 Whistling Swans and Trade Visitors: Four Voices… Mar 10 A Giant Fir, Three Pens: Measuring the… Mar 11 Anchovies, Sturgeon, and a Drifted Canoe: Four… Mar 12 Four Pens at Fort Clatsop: Routine Labor… Mar 13 Moccasins, Salmon, and a Lost Pirogue: Four… Mar 14 An Indifferent Canoe and a Laced Uniform… Mar 15 Four Elk, a Lost Foresight, and an… Mar 16 A Scant Dependence: Dwindling Trade Goods and… Mar 17 A Uniform Coat for a Canoe: Departure… Mar 18 Four Pens at Fort Clatsop: Departure Lists,… Mar 19 Three Pens at Fort Clatsop: Weather, Gratitude,… Mar 20 Storm-Bound at Fort Clatsop: Four Ledgers of… Mar 21 Four Pens, Four Registers: A Day of… Mar 22 Last Hours at Fort Clatsop: Four Pens… Mar 23 Departure from Fort Clatsop: Two Sergeants Watch… Mar 24 Shells Mistaken for Teeth: Four Voices Leaving… Mar 25 Four Pens, One Sturgeon Camp: Ascending the… Mar 26 Tobacco Running Short, Eagles in Hand: Four… Mar 27 Four Voices on the Skillute Welcome: Hospitality,… Mar 28 Deer Island: Four Narrators, One Snake-Covered Camp Mar 29 Entering the Columbian Valley: Four Pens at… Mar 30 Departing Fort Clatsop: Four Voices Ascend the… Mar 31 A Deserted Village and the Shrinking of… Apr 1 The Missing River: Four Journals Reckon with… Apr 2 The Multnomah Revealed: A River Missed Twice… Apr 3 Two Camps, Two Rivers: Discovery and Hunger… Apr 4 The Bear’s Den and the Hidden River:… Apr 5 Cubs for Wappato: Four Voices at the… Apr 6 Four Pens at the Cascades: A Quail,… Apr 7 Drying Elk and Describing a Quail: Four… Apr 8 Windbound Below the Cascades: Four Voices on… Apr 9 The Stolen Tomahawk Recovered: Four Accounts of… Apr 10 A Bighorn Skin and a Broken Cord:… Apr 11 Hauling Canoes Through the Grand Shoot: Two… Apr 12 A Pirogue Lost, a Portage Won: Four… Apr 13 Crowded Canoes and a Taste for Dog:… Apr 14 First Horses Since October: Four Voices Above… Apr 15 Four Voices on a Failed Horse Market:… Apr 16 Crossing the Columbia for Horses: Four Pens… Apr 17 Four Pens at the Long Narrows: A… Apr 18 Four Pens at the Long Narrows: Horse-Trading… Apr 19 The First Salmon and the Price of… Apr 20 Stolen Tomahawks and Gambled Horses: Frustration at… Apr 21 The Blow at the Long Narrows: Four… Apr 22 The Stolen Robe and the Distant Peaks:… Apr 23 Four Pens at the Wah-how-pum Village: A… Apr 24 Splitting the Canoes: Four Accounts of a… Apr 25 Seven Hundred Souls at the Pishquitpah Village:… Apr 27 Yelleppit’s Welcome: Four Voices on a Walla… Apr 28 A Kettle Refused, a Sword Accepted: Four… Apr 29 Crossing to the Walla Walla: Four Pens,… Apr 30 Twenty-Three Horses and a Departure: Four Voices… May 1 Choosing the Guide’s Road: Four Voices on… May 2 A Returned Trap, a Recovered Horse: Four… May 3 Hail on Their Backs: Four Voices on… May 4 Lean Dogs and Lost Horses on Lewis’s… May 5 The Puppy and the Physician: Three Voices… May 6 A Horse for Medicine: Naming Clark’s River… May 7 Honest Returns and Mosquito Creek: Three Voices… May 8 Hunger’s Evidence: Pine Bark, Fish Traps, and… May 9 Twenty-One Horses and a Settler’s Eye: Reunion… May 10 Snow on the Plain, Hospitality in the… May 11 Four Pens, One Council: Diplomacy and Doctoring… May 12 Mush, Medicine, and a Unanimous Voice: The… May 13 Four Pens, One Crossing: Converging Accounts at… May 14 Crossing the Kooskooske: Four Pens at the… May 15 One Bear, Many Colors: Naturalist Inquiry and… May 16 Bears, Roots, and a Harmless Snake: Four… May 17 Patience, Patience: A Wet Chronometer and an… May 18 An Eagle’s Salmon and a Bear of… May 19 Eye-Water, Laudanum, and Cowse Roots: Four Pens… May 20 Wet Beds and Wounded Bears: Four Voices… May 21 A Slender Stock for a Dreary Wilderness:… May 22 A Deer in the River, a Colt… May 23 A Deer, Two Swimmers, and the Limits… May 24 The Sweat Hole at Camp Chopunnish: Four… May 25 A Sweat That Failed and a Bear… May 26 A Finished Canoe, an Empty Larder: Four… May 27 A Horse, a Sweat Lodge, and a… May 28 Cows Roots, Sweat Lodges, and a Squawling… May 29 Horned Lizards, Healing Chiefs, and a Spanish… May 30 A Canoe Lost, a Chief Recovering: Four… May 31 Two Bears, Two Pens: Naming Hoh-host and… Jun 1 A Broken Voyage, a White Bear Skin,… Jun 2 Buttons, Basilicon, and a Dying Man’s Tomahawk Jun 3 Four Pens at Long Camp: Snowmelt, Salmon,… Jun 4 Two Registers at Long Camp: Diplomacy and… Jun 5 Four Pens at Long Camp: Botany, Bears,… Jun 6 Diplomacy, Roots, and a Yankee Phrase: Four… Jun 7 Four Pens at Camp Chopunnish: Trade Errands,… Jun 8 Foot Races, Fiddles, and a Warning About… Jun 9 Eagles, Footraces, and a Falling River: Four… Jun 10 Four Pens at the Quamash Flats: Botany,… Jun 11 Quamash in Bloom: Four Views from a… Jun 12 Camas in Bloom and the Mirror of… Jun 13 Eight Deer, One Trade, and a Census… Jun 14 On the Eve of the Snowy Crossing:… Jun 15 Sixty-Six Horses and a Slippery Road: Departing… Jun 16 Four Pens on Hungry Creek: Snow, Doubt,… Jun 17 Retrograde March: Four Voices on the Bitterroot… Jun 18 Potts’s Wound and a Rifle for a… Jun 19 A Day of Waiting at Weippe: Four… Jun 20 Four Pens, One Bear: Diverging Registers at… Jun 21 Retracing Steps to the Quamash Flats: Mortification… Jun 22 Eight Deer, Three Bear, and a Pocketful… Jun 23 Securing Guides at Weippe: Four Voices on… Jun 24 Four Pens, One Reunion: Converging Accounts at… Jun 25 Fir Trees Aflame: Four Accounts of a… Jun 26 Ten Feet Ten Inches: Measuring the Snowbound… Jun 27 A Conic Mound of Stones: Four Voices… Jun 28 Summer on One Slope, Winter on the… Jun 29 Bidding Adieu to the Snow: Four Voices… Jun 30 Four Pens at Travelers’ Rest: Convergence and… Jul 1 Four Pens at Travelers’ Rest: Dividing the… Jul 2 Four Pens at Travelers’ Rest: Preparing the… Jul 3 Parting at Travelers’ Rest: Four Voices on… Jul 4 Parting at Travelers’ Rest: Four Voices on… Jul 5 Two Trails Diverge: The Expedition Splits and… Jul 6 Two Captains, Two Continents: The Divided Corps… Jul 7 Across the Divide: Two Parties, Two Stories… Jul 8 Two Parties, Two Landscapes: The Expedition Divided… Jul 9 Cold Rain on the Divided Plains: Two… Jul 10 Frost, Mire, and Two Parties Diverging on… Jul 11 Two Rivers, Two Captains: The Divided Corps… Jul 12 Two Rivers, Two Crises: The Split Expedition… Jul 13 Spoiled Caches and Parting Ways: Four Voices… Jul 14 Two Camps, Two Worlds: Caching at the… Jul 15 Two Camps, Two Continents of Worry: Stolen… Jul 16 Four Camps, Four Horizons: The Expedition Splinters… Jul 17 Two Rivers, Two Captains: Divided Command on… Jul 18 Four Rivers, Four Pens: The Divided Expedition… Jul 19 Four Pens, Four Rivers: The Expedition Divides… Jul 20 Two Camps, Two Worlds: Canoes on the… Jul 21 Missing Horses on the Yellowstone, Vanishing Falls… Jul 22 Two Captains, Two Crises: Divided Command on… Jul 23 Three Camps, One Day: Divergent Trails on… Jul 24 Four Camps, Four Worlds: A Continental Divide… Jul 25 Mud, Rain, and an Overturned Canoe: The… Jul 26 Four Routes from Camp Disappointment: Divergent Journeys… Jul 28 Reunion at the Marias: Four Versions of… Jul 29 Bighorn Skeletons and a Storm-Soaked Captain: Two… Jul 30 Buffalo Shoals and a Bear on a… Jul 31 Fifteen Elk and a Bleeding Bear: Divergent… Aug 1 Two Rivers, Two Bears, Four Pens: Divergent… Aug 2 Two Camps, Two Worlds: A Drying Day… Aug 3 Reunion at the Yellowstone: Four Pens, Four… Aug 4 Sawyers by Moonlight: Four Voices on a… Aug 5 Four Pens, One River: The Missing Canoe… Aug 6 Storm, Wind, and a Swimming Grizzly: Four… Aug 7 A Note on a Pole: The Missed… Aug 8 Bare Men, Bullboats, and a Wolf in… Aug 9 Two Camps, Two Registers: Skins, Goose Berries,… Aug 10 Repairs, Departure, and a Curious Cherry: Four… Aug 11 The Cruzatte Incident: Three Accounts of Lewis’s… Aug 12 Reunion at the Confluence: Four Pens Record… Aug 13 Eighty-Six Miles on a Stiff Breeze: Three… Aug 14 Return to the Mandan Villages: Three Registers… Aug 15 The Sioux in the Road: Why No… Aug 16 A Swivel Gun, a Chief’s Departure, and… Aug 17 Two Departures at the Mandan Villages: Colter… Aug 18 A Grape Vine to the Sky: Three… Aug 19 Sand, Wind, and a Borrowed Lodge: Three… Aug 20 A River Remade: Clark’s Cartographer’s Eye and… Aug 21 Three Frenchmen, a Medal Refused, and the… Aug 22 Parting at the Arikara Village: Diplomacy, Departure,… Aug 23 Wind, Rain, and a Healing Wound: Three… Aug 24 Three Hours Against the Wind: A Single… Aug 25 Three Pens at the Cheyenne: Observation, Abbreviation,… Aug 26 Past the Teton’s Shadow: Three Accounts of… Aug 27 Three Voices at the Big Bend: Hunting,… Aug 28 Return to Pleasant Camp: Specimen Hunting and… Aug 29 Twenty Thousand Buffalo and a Handful of… Aug 30 Three Voices, One Standoff: Re-Encountering the Tetons… Aug 31 A Midnight Squall on the Sand Bar:… Sep 1 A Keg, Nine Yanktons, and the Ghost… Sep 2 Sand Bars and Sanctuary: Three Voices on… Sep 3 News from the States: An Unexpected Encounter… Sep 4 A Trader’s Generosity and a Sergeant’s Disturbed… Sep 5 Tormented by Mosquitoes: Three Voices on a… Sep 6 First Whiskey Since July 1805: An Encounter… Sep 7 A Signal Gun, a Stiff Breeze, and… Sep 8 Return to Council Bluffs: Three Views of… Sep 9 Past the Platte: Three Voices on a… Sep 10 Whiskey on the Lower Missouri: Two Accounts… Sep 11 Mistaken for Dogs: Coyotes, Pawpaws, and the… Sep 12 News from the States: The Encounter with… Sep 13 Wind, Whiskey, and a Pint of Chocolate:… Sep 14 Whiskey, Biscuit, and the Phantom Kanzas: Three… Sep 15 Pawpaws, an Elk, and a Commanding Hill:… Sep 16 Three Boats on the Homeward River: Traders,… Sep 17 Meeting Captain McClallen: Three Accounts of a… Sep 18 Pawpaws and Biscuit: Subsistence on the Final… Sep 19 Racing Downriver: Pawpaws, Mileage, and a Mysterious… Sep 20 Return to Charette: Three Voices at the… Sep 21 Returned from the Dead: Arrival at St.… Sep 22 Salutes at Bellefontaine: Two Views of the… Sep 24 Letters, Tailors, and a Trunk of Damaged… Oct 14 Crossing the Koos-koos-ke: Bears, Horse Surgery, and…

How these analyses are written

AI-Assisted Each analysis is drafted by Anthropic Claude using only the primary-source journal entries cited within it, then reviewed by a human editor before publication. AI surfaces patterns that single-narrator scholarship cannot — copying lineages, prose-register shifts, side-by-side accounts of the same day from opposite sides of the camp. Every claim must trace to a specific journal entry. We're transparent about the method because we believe it's defensible scholarship, not a substitute for it.

Our Partners